Table 1.
Study characteristics
| Authors & Year | Study Design | Sample Size | Prevalence | Characteristics | Treatment Modalities | Treatment Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olajumoke et al., 2014 | Cross-sectional study |
402 (168 males and 234 females) |
18.9% (Females 23.7%, Males 5%) |
The mean age of onset of migraine headache was 19.2 ± 8.24 years. Physical activity was the main aggravating factor and occurred in 25% (10/40) of cases. Migraine headaches showed female preponderance. |
The relieving factors were rest in 62.5% (25/40) and over-the-counter analgesics in 17.5% (7/40) of cases. Simple analgesics, (16.1%) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), (19.4%) Ergotamine derivatives (32.3%) Amitriptyline, (29%), and Beta-blockers 1/31 (3.2%) |
Not Mentioned |
| Ekenze et al., 2018 | Cross-sectional study. | 449 (Females 264; Males 185). |
8.9% (10.6% in females and 6.5% in males) Migraine without aura (73%) Migraine with aura (27%) |
The age range was 19–33 years, with a mean of 23.2 years (males-24.2 and females 22.5) years. Migraine without aura in this study took the higher proportion of migraine headaches (73%). The proportion of migraine with aura was 27% of migraine headaches in general. |
Not Mentioned | Not Mentioned |
| Ali et al., 2020 | Multi-centre, Hospital-based, Cross-sectional study |
104 (Males = 27, Females = 74) |
69.2% Migraine with aura 68 (65.4) Migraine without aura 27 (26) Migraine with and without aura 9 (8.7) (Females: 74%; Males 26%) |
The mean age at headache onset was 19.3 ± 7.0 years The mean age at migraine diagnosis was 23.7 ± 6.9 years. Sixty-nine (66.3%) participants were diagnosed with migraine within 5 years of headache onset. Prophylactic medications were used by 26 (45.1%) subjects. Thirteen (23.6%) subjects were not adherent with preventive drug treatment, while 16 (29%) participants used their preventive medications acutely. |
Propranolol 23 (23.5) Amitriptyline 39 (39.8) Sodium valproate 4(4) Gabapentin 2(2) Combinations 28(28.6) |
Thirty-one (56.4%) sub jects found preventive medications useful, and 15(27.3%) subjects admitted benefits but with side effects. Seven (12.7%) participants had no benefit from preventative treat ment, and 9 (16.4%) subjects were classified as refractory migraine |
| Birinus et al., 2014 | 3 Phase Cross-sectional Study |
1410 Males were 637(45.2%) and females 773(54.8%) |
6.4% (7.5% in females and 5% in males) Migraine with aura 26(1.8) Migraine without aura 64(4.5.) |
Migraine without aura was significantly higher in females (5.7%) than males (3.1%) The highest prevalence of migraine occurred among farmers (8.1%) For 20–29 and the 50-59-year olds, the prevalence of migraine was similar at 7.1% and 7%, respectively. |
Not Mentioned | Not Mentioned |
| Wahab and Ugheoke, 2009 | Crosssectional Study |
1513 (755 males and 758 females) |
9.6% (Females 10.3%, Males 8.9%). |
The mean age of all migraineurs was 22.0 ± 3.3 years. There was a positive family history of migraine in a first degree relation in 32.4% while the overall mean pain intensity in the three months before the study was 4.7 with females having a higher score of 5.2 compared to 4.2 in males (p > 0.05). |
67.6% of them use paracetamol 6.2% use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 16.2% did not specify the type of medications they use for prevention. In the treatment of acute attack, majority of the sufferers (64.8%) use only simple analgesics (paracetamol and NSAID), 2.8% use ergot containing preparations while none reported having ever used triptans. |
Not mentioned |
| Mustapha et al. 2019 | Crosssectional descriptive study |
213 184 (86.4%) females and 29 (13.6%) males |
26.8% (Male 27.6%, Female 2.2%) Migraine without aura 5(21.1%) Migraine with aura 12(5.6%) |
Migraine with aura (MA) was significantly (P < 0.01 more prevalent among the male students (27.6%) compared to the female (2.2%). Twelve (13.3%) of headache sufferers had history of refractive error. Family history of headache was present in 6 students (6.7%), who all had migraine headache. The most common trigger factors of headache attacks included sleep deprivation (65.6. %) and mental/physical fatigue. |
Only 8.9% of respondents in the headache group sought medical care 66.7% self medicated, while 33.3% treated their headaches with bed rest. Majority used paracetamol (84.4%) while 25.6% and 16.7% used ergot derivatives and non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs respectively during attacks of headache. Only 1 (1.1%) was on preventive medication (Amitriptyline). |
|
| Ofovwe, 2010 | Cross-sectional Study |
1679 809 (48.2%) were girls while 870 (51.8%)wereboys |
13.5%. (Male 9.2%, Female 18.2%) Migraine without aura 190/328(57.9%) Migraine with aura 37/328(11.3%) |
Triggers Emotional stress 72(23.3) Sunlight/bright light 66(21.4) Sleep deprivation 54(17.5) Hunger 40(12.9) Straining 31(10.0) Odors (perfumes, smoke) 7(2.3) Chocolate/milk/groundnut 2(0.7) Others 37(12.0) |
Relieving factors among the migraineurs include analgesics in 172 (56.4%), lying in dark, quiet rooms in 89 (29.2%), and eating in 44 (14.4%) |
Not Mentioned |
| Sanya et al., 2017 | Cross-sectional Study |
1500 791 were males (52.7%) and 709 were females (47.3%). |
2.4% (Females 57.5%, Males 42.5%). | Fifty-eight students (3.9%) reported their headache to be unilateral in location, 33 (2.2%) had bilateral headaches, and 128 (8.5%) had frontal headaches. One hundred students (6.7%) had their headache associated with photophobia, 159 students (10.6%) had phonophobia, while 62 (4.1%) had nausea and vomiting. A total of 263 of the 356 students who experienced frequent headaches had their daily physical and school activities limited by headaches |
Majority of the students (90.2%) used acetaminophen to treat their headaches while 2.8% used other types of nonsteroidal analgesics for their pain. None of the students had seen a physician for a proper diagnosis of their headache; similarly, none was on antimigraine prophylactic medications. |
Not Mentioned |
| Ojini et al., 2009 | Cross-sectional survey |
376 220 men and 156 women |
24 (6.4) Males 7 (3.2) Females 17 (10.9) |
Among students with migraine, headache was unilateral in 70.8%, throbbing in 62.5%, associated with nausea and vomiting in 47.8% and with both photophobia and phonophobia in 91.7%. All the students with migraine reported aggravation of headache with routine physical activity, whereas four (16.7%) reported the occurrence of an aura (wavy lines in two students, disturbed speech and blind spots in one student each). |
Sought medical assistance8 (4.6) Self-medication118 (68.2) No medication or any other coping strategy26 (15.0) Sleep∗53 (30.6) Food1 (0.6) Cold compress1 (0.6) Most students (71.7%) used simple analgesics (67.6% took paracetamol, and 4.1% took aspirin). |
Not Mentioned |
| Yunusa, 2016 | Crosssectional Study |
122 Female students were 73 (59.8%) male students were 49 (40.2%) |
28.7% (Females 50.8%, Males 40.2%) | Of those who reported positive for migraine, 10 (29.4%) was left sided, 6 (17.6%) right sided, 10 (29.4%) both side of the head, while 7 (20.6%) reported generalized headache. The frequency of the migraine varied with some as frequent as 25 times a month. Fourteen (45.2%) reported the presence of sensory aura including visual and olfactory hallucination, while others complained of motor aura. | The majority took acetaminophen. | Not mentioned |