Table 1.

Summary of common LUS signs in different respiratory pathologies

Lung Pathologies	Common LUS findings
Pneumothorax	No Lung sliding, A-lines present, No vertical artifacts, No lung pulse, ± Lung point
Mainstem Intubation	No Lung sliding, A-lines present, B-lines may be present, lung pulse present
Atelectasis	No lung sliding, B-lines present, Positive Lung pulse, Static Air bronchogram, Pulsatile flow likely absent on Color Doppler
Pulmonary Edema	Positive lung sliding, Bilateral pathologic B-lines ( ≥3/intercostal space), Positive lung pulse
Pneumonia	Lung hepatization, pathologic B-lines (mostly bilateral in viral and unilateral in bacterial pneumonia), Irregular pleural line (Shred sign), Dynamic air bronchogram, Pulsatile flow likely present on Color Doppler
Pleural Effusion	Anechoic area between parietal and visceral pleura, Spine sign, Sinusoidal sign, Plankton sign (in complex effusion)
ARDS	Pathologic B-lines with spared areas and irregular distribution, Lung hepatization, Dynamic air bronchogram, Loss of lung sliding, pleural line irregularities
Lung Contusion	Pathologic B-lines, Lung hepatization