Table 2.
The prevalence of each PCS and its ability to predict upcoming CH bouts
| Symptoms | Total (n = 168) |
Ability to predict the upcoming CH bouts | p value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes N = 86 (51.2%) |
No N = 82 (48.8%) |
|||
| Head and neck pain symptoms | ||||
| Localized and painful symptoms, n (%) | 58 (34.5%) | 36 (41.9%) | 22 (26.8%) | 0.041* |
| Pain in the same area as the subsequent attack, n (%) | 63 (37.5%) | 43 (50.0%) | 20 (24.4%) | 0.001* |
| Pre-cluster stage shadow attacks, n (%) | 83 (49.4%) | 51 (59.3%) | 32 (39.0%) | 0.009* |
| Shooting pain/stabbing, n (%) | 52 (31.0%) | 33 (38.4%) | 19 (23.2%) | 0.033* |
| Dull sensation, n (%) | 85 (50.6%) | 55 (64.0%) | 30 (36.6%) | < 0.001* |
| Neck pain, n (%) | 52 (31.0%) | 30 (34.9%) | 22 (26.8%) | 0.259 |
| Increased sensation of the skin, n (%) | 45 (26.8%) | 28 (32.6%) | 17 (20.7%) | 0.084 |
| Cranial autonomic symptoms | ||||
| Conjunctival injection, n (%) | 77 (45.8%) | 49 (57.0%) | 28 (34.1%) | 0.003* |
| Lacrimation, n (%) | 89 (53.0%) | 57 (66.3%) | 32 (39.0%) | < 0.001* |
| Rhinorrhea, n (%) | 76 (45.2%) | 49 (57.0%) | 27 (32.9%) | 0.002* |
| Nasal congestion, n (%) | 67 (39.9%) | 37 (43.0%) | 30 (36.6%) | 0.394 |
| Forehead and facial sweating, n (%) | 54 (32.1%) | 36 (41.9%) | 18 (22.0%) | 0.006* |
| Ptosis, n (%) | 51 (30.4%) | 36 (41.9%) | 15 (18.3%) | 0.001* |
| Miosis, n (%) | 21 (12.5%) | 12 (14.0%) | 9 (11.0%) | 0.560 |
| Eyelid edema, n (%) | 44 (26.2%) | 31 (36.0%) | 13 (15.9%) | 0.003* |
| Restlessness, n (%) | 82 (48.8%) | 54 (62.8%) | 28 (34.1%) | < 0.001* |
| Fatigue and mood symptoms | ||||
| Fatigue, n (%) | 94 (56.0%) | 52 (60.5%) | 42 (51.2%) | 0.228 |
| Euphoria, n (%) | 3 (1.8%) | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0.588 |
| Depression, n (%) | 94 (56.0%) | 61 (70.9%) | 33 (40.2%) | < 0.001* |
| Sleep alteration | ||||
| Sleep issues, n (%) | 66 (39.3%) | 37 (43.0%) | 29 (35.4%) | 0.310 |
| Constitutional symptoms | ||||
| Yawning, n (%) | 45 (26.8%) | 23 (26.7%) | 22 (26.8%) | 0.990 |
| Difficulty concentrating, n (%) | 94 (56.0%) | 59 (68.6%) | 35 (42.7%) | 0.001* |
| Increased appetite, n (%) | 3 (1.8%) | 3 (3.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.088 |
| Decreased appetite, n (%) | 64 (38.1%) | 42 (48.8%) | 22 (26.8%) | 0.003* |
| Urinary frequency, n (%) | 14 (8.3%) | 7 (8.1%) | 7 (8.5%) | 0.926 |
| Constipation, n (%) | 14 (8.3%) | 7 (8.1%) | 7 (8.5%) | 0.926 |
| Nausea, n (%) | 57 (33.9%) | 36 (41.9%) | 21 (25.6%) | 0.026* |
| Vomiting, n (%) | 56 (33.3%) | 37 (43.0%) | 19 (23.2%) | 0.006* |
| Photophobia, n (%) | 74 (44.0%) | 44 (51.2%) | 30 (36.6%) | 0.057 |
| Phonophobia, n (%) | 85 (50.6%) | 56 (65.1%) | 29 (35.4%) | < 0.001* |
| Osmophobia, n (%) | 31 (18.5%) | 20 (23.3%) | 11 (13.4%) | 0.100 |
| Dizziness or lightheadedness, n (%) | 84 (50.0%) | 53 (61.6%) | 31 (37.8%) | 0.002* |
| General sweating, n (%) | 50 (29.8%) | 31 (36.0%) | 19 (23.2%) | 0.068 |
| Generalized pain symptoms, n (%) | 21 (12.5%) | 17 (19.8%) | 4 (4.9%) | 0.004* |
* The analyses of the associations between each PCS symptom and the predictability of upcoming bouts were exploratory, and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance
# The differences in these categorical variables between patients who were able to predict upcoming bouts and those who were unable to predict upcoming bouts were analyzed by the chi-square test