TABLE 3.

Methodology of functional reported papers on gastric cancer.

First author	Year	Bacteria/sample	Method specifics	Particle analysis	Microscopy	Protein analysis	Antibody specifics
Chitcholtan, K	2008	Helicobacter pylori	10,000 × g, 15 min ×2 100,000 × g for 2 h ×2	N	N	N	N
Choi, H I	2017	H. pylori	10,000 × g for 20 min Tan × gential flow filtration system (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) with a 100‐kDa hollow‐fibre membrane filter 0.22‐µm filter 150,000× g for 3 h Density gradient ultracentrifugation at 100,000× g for 2 h	Y	Y	Y	VacA CagA
Hock, B. D.	2017	H. pylori	12,000  × g for 15 min ×2 200,000 × g for 2 h ×3	N	N	N	NA
Winter, J.	2014	H. pylori	6000 × g for 10 min 0.45‐µm filter 0.20‐µm syringe filters Precipitated at room temperature using 40% (wt/vol) ammonium sulphate for 1 h 10,000 × g for 15 min 100,000 × g for 2 h	N	Y	Y	VacA
Ahmed, A. A. Q.	2021	H. pylori	5000 ×g for 20 min × 2 0.45‐µm filter 0.22‐µm filter OMV binding resin Amicon ultra centrifugal filter device with a 3 K MWCO	Y	Y	Y	N proteins profile
Liu, Q.	2019	H. pylori	4500 × g for 1 h 0.45‐µm Steritop bottle‐top filter 20,000 × g for 2 h OptiPrep density gradient 100,000 × g for 24 h	N	Y	Y	N proteins profile
Fakharian, F.	2024	Lactobacillus crispatus	10,000 × g for 20 min 0.22‐µm filter 150,000 × g for 5 h at 4°C	Y	Y	Y	N Protein profile

Abbreviations: CagA; cytotoxin‐associated gene A; NA, not available; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; UreA, urease subunit A; VacA, vacuolar cytotoxin A.