Table 1.
Summary of Biomarkers and Biomarker Ratios Studied Across the 16 Included Studies a
| Biomarker Classification b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarker Source | Biomarker of Chondral Metabolism | Biomarker of Aggrecan Metabolism | Biomarker of Noncollagenous Proteins | Biomarkers of Other Processes (ie, Inflammation) | ||
| Urine |
CTX-II
C1,2C C2C |
|||||
| Serum |
C2C
C2C/CPII CPII |
Aggrecan |
COMP
MMP-3 |
ALT AST |
IL-6
MCP-1 TNF-α TTT |
|
| Synovial fluid | C2C C2C/KS CPII CTX-II NTX-1 |
C4S C6S C6S/C4S C2C/KS KS sGAG |
BMP-2 COMP MMP-1 MMP-3 MMP-9 TIMP-1 TIMP-2 |
bFGF
Bilirubin + biliverdin IFN-γ IL-1 IL-1a IL-1b IL-1Ra |
IL-2 IL-4 IL-6 IL-8 IL-10 IL-12p70 IL-13 |
MCP-1
MIP-1B NO RANTES TNF-α TSG-6 VEGF |
a
Markers in bold have a statistically significant association with an outcome measure in at least 1 included study. See Appendix Table A2 for list of abbreviations.
b
Per Lotz et al. 42