Table 1.

Economic burden of depression, anxiety, pain, and sleep issues in Canada.

Illness	Direct cost	Indirect cost	Source	Per-person cost*
Depression	Hospital treatment, prescription medication, physician care	Value of lost productivity due to morbidity and mortality, Caregiving costs	The Economic Burden of Illness in Canada, 2010; Mental Health Commission of Canada, 2016 (30, 31)	[4,991, 13,898]**
Pain	Hospital treatment, prescription medication, physician care	Lost productivity	Canadian Pain Task Force Report from, 2019; Canadian STOP-PAIN project, 2010 (32, 33)	[9,197, 20,125]**
Anxiety	Hospital treatment, prescription medication, physician care	Lost productivity	Conference Board of Canada report, 2016 (34)	2,653
Sleep issues	Hospital treatment, prescription medication, physician care	Lost productivity	RAND, 2016 [360]	2,695

^*All costs are converted to 20,222 Canadian dollars value.

**Lower bound and upper bound are reported.