Fig. 3.

EMPA ameliorated HF independent of SGLT2, whereas SGLT2 deficiency partly protected against HF-induced systolic dysfunction. A The ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E/A ratio) measured at 10 days after TAC/DOCA surgery. B The ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e' ratio) measured at 10 days after TAC/DOCA surgery. C Left atria internal diameter end diastole (LAIDd) measured at 10 days after TAC/DOCA surgery. D Ejection fraction (EF) measured at 10 days after TAC/DOCA surgery. E Fractional shortening (FS) measured at 10 days after TAC/DOCA surgery. F Left ventricle mass (LV mass Cor) measured at 10 days after TAC/DOCA surgery. G Left ventricle weight to tibia length(LV/tibia). H Left atria weight to tibia length (LA/tibia). I Lung wet/dry ratio (Lung w/d ratio). J, Liver wet/dry ratio (Liver w/d ratio). K, L Nppa and Nppb mRNA expression. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns: not significant. A–J SH-WT-CO, sham-wild-type-control chow (n = 6; 3 M (male), 3F(female)), SH-KO-CO, sham-SGLT2 KO-control chow (n = 7; 4 M/3F), HF-WT-CO, heart failure-wild-type-control chow (n = 6; 3 M/3F), HF-KO-CO, heart failure-SGLT2 KO-control chow (n = 8; 3 M/5F), HF-WT-EM, heart failure-wild-type-EMPA chow (n = 6; 3 M/3F) and HF-KO-EM, heart failure-SGLT2KO-EMPA chow (n = 9; 4 M/5F). K, L SH-WT-CO (n = 3; 1 M/2F), SH-KO-CO (n = 3; 1 M/2F), HF-WT-CO (n = 3; 2 M/1F), HF-KO-CO (n = 4; 2 M/2F), HF-WT-EM (n = 3; 2 M/1F) and HF-KO-EM (n = 5; 2 M/3F). A–L One-way ANOVA with Holm-Šídák's multiple comparisons test