Table 2.

Factors associated with institutional participation in the EUi: European-level analysis. Median by group

	EUi old	EUi new	Non-EUi
N. of institutions	282	74	2445
PhD awarding	212	50	665***
Organisational size	1589.58	819.04**	175.62***
Education intensity	14.23	15.03**	18.03***
PhD intensity (only PhD awarding HEIs)	0.0373	0.0217**	0.0173***
Publication intensity	0.2932	0.1770***	0.0000***
International orientation: Erasmus IN	0.3654	0.3855	0.2038***
International orientation: share of foreign students	0.1080	0.0739*	0.0726***
STEM orientation	0.2558	0.2569	0.0741***

KWallis test of equality of medians (new/old EUi members, all EUi members/non-EUi)

Differences are significant at 0.001 (***), 0.01 (**), and 0.05 (*)

EUi old-member institutions before October/November 2022; New EUi—members that joined in late 2022 as new members of existing alliances or as members of the newly established alliances