Table 1.
The baseline characteristics of participants.
| Baseline characteristic | Non-DM | DM | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | 15,089 | 373 | |
| Gender | < 0.001 | ||
| Female | 6947 (46.04%) | 87 (23.32%) | |
| Male | 8142 (53.96%) | 286 (76.68%) | |
| Age(years) | 43.62 ± 8.89 | 47.14 ± 8.52 | < 0.001 |
| Alcoholic intake (g/wk) | 1 (0–60) | 4.20 (0–90) | 0.006 |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | ||
| Never-smoker | 8886 (58.89%) | 145 (38.87%) | |
| Ex-smoker | 2874 (19.05%) | 77 (20.64%) | |
| Current-smoker | 3329 (22.06%) | 151 (40.48%) | |
| Exercise habits | 0.048 | ||
| No | 12,432 (82.39%) | 322 (86.33%) | |
| Yes | 2657 (17.61%) | 51 (13.67%) | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 114.31 ± 14.91 | 122.03 ± 15.59 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.44 ± 10.47 | 77.18 ± 10.23 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.05 ± 3.07 | 25.03 ± 3.82 | < 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 76.26 ± 8.97 | 85.08 ± 10.20 | < 0.001 |
| RFM | 25.75 ± 6.75 | 27.14 ± 6.82 | < 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 17 (13–23) | 24 (18–39) | < 0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 17 (14–21) | 20 (16–26) | < 0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 15 (11–22) | 24 (17–36) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.47 ± 0.40 | 1.19 ± 0.33 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.72 (0.49–1.11) | 1.21 (0.86–1.93) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.12 ± 0.86 | 5.43 ± 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.16 ± 0.32 | 5.53 ± 0.37 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.15 ± 0.41 | 5.61 ± 0.36 | < 0.001 |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD or median (quartile)
RFM: relative fat mass; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; FPG: fasting plasma glucose