Table 4.

Physiological and pathological changes in HR before and after acupuncture.

Reference	Model	Acupoints	Intervention parameters	Duration	pre- acupuncture HR (bpm)	post- acupuncture HR (bpm)
[85]Li et al.	under fatigue	LI4, PC6	MA	once	77.42 ± 6.15	64.60 ± 6.10
[85]Li et al.	heath	LI4, PC6	MA	once	78.00 ± 7.75	65.41 ± 6.80
[98]Takahashi et al.	health	near the left cervical ganglia	2HZ no pain	2 weeks	64.73 ± 8.08	62.67 ± 8.63
[100]Kurono et al.	healthy men	CV17	MA	two days	73.5 ± 9.3	70.8 ± 9.1
[174]Hao et al.	elevated BP	KI1, LR3	MA	7 days	78.13 ± 10.26	69.23 ± 5.66
[182]Kimura et al.	heath	PC6, LI4, ST36, LR3, GV20	MA	once	63.3 ± 0.2	62.9 ± 0.3
[182]Kimura et al.	mild hypertension	PC6, LI4, ST36, LR3, GV20	MA	once	68.9 ± 0.2	68.4 ± 0.3
[186]Sokunbi et al.	heath	PC5, PC6, ST36, LI4	MA	once	67.70 ± 5.29	66.9 ± 4.80
[189]Terenteva et al.	hypertension	ST36, ST37, PC5, PC6, LR3, SP4	MA	8 weeks	68 ± 2	67 ± 2
[193]Huang et al.	heath	ST36	Lifting-thrusting	once	73.9 ± 9.9	68.9 ± 6.0
[193]Huang et al.	heath	ST36	Twisting-rotating	once	78.9 ± 13.3	74.3 ± 10.3
[194]Okada et al.	healthy men	LI10	MA	once	60.2 ± 1.4	55.9 ± 1.6
[195]Nakahara et al.	healthy volunteers	PC4	1V, 1HZ	once	66.2 ± 2.0	62.7 ± 1.7
[196]Kenji et al.	heath	LI10	supine	once	64 ± 8.6	60.4 ± 8.7
[196]Kenji et al.	heath	LI10	sitting	once	73.6 ± 9.6	66.7 ± 8.7
[197]Satoh et al.	healthy male	GV20	MA	Once	67.0 ± 2.6	59.8 ± 2.4
[198]Takayama et al.	healthy volunteers	LR3	MA	once	67.3 ± 10.1	64.2 ± 8.8
[199]Diao et al.	Myocardial ischemia	PC6	EA	4 weeks	82.0 ± 9.0	73.0 ± 7.0

HR: heart rate.