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. 2024 Sep 25;11:1441201. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1441201

Table 2.

Changes in glycemic and body composition measures from baseline to post-LGL diet.

Baseline Post-LGL diet p-value
Body composition
Weight (kg) 64.8 ± 3.3
(57.2, 72.3)
64.0 ± 3.2
(56.9, 71.2)
0.26
BMI (kg/m2) 24.1 ± 0.6
(22.6, 25.5)
23.8 ± 0.6
(22.5, 25.1)
0.23
Total fat mass (gm) 23,159 ± 2,681
(16,818, 29,498)
22,133 ± 2,848
(15,398, 28,869)
0.11
Total lean mass (gm) 43,545 ± 3,868
(34,398, 52,691)
43,552 ± 3,980
(34,138, 52,965)
0.99
% fat mass 34 ± 3.7
(25.4, 42.7)
33 ± 3.9
(23.7, 42.4)
0.09
Trunk fat (gm) 10,294 ± 1,449
(6,867, 13,720)
9,805 ± 1,502
(6,253, 13,357)
0.14
% trunk fat 30.7 ± 3.7
(22, 39.4)
29.8 ± 4.0
(20.3, 39.3)
0.18
Fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2) 8.6 ± 1.1
(6.1, 11.1)
8.2 ± 1.1
(5.6, 10.9)
0.16
Lean mass index (LMI, kg/m2) 15.8 ± 0.8
(14, 17.5)
15.8 ± 0.8
(13.8, 17.8)
0.68
Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2) 6.5 ± 0.5
(5.4, 7.6)
6.6 ± 0.5
(5.5, 7.6)
0.55
Glycemic measures
HbA1c (%) 5.7 ± 0.2
(5.2, 6.3)
5.6 ± 0.2
(5.2, 6.1)
0.55
AG (mg/dL) 127.1 ± 5.5
(114.8, 139.5)
120.7 ± 3.1
(113.7, 127.7)
0.16
SD (mg/dL) 29.8 ± 2.3
(24.6, 35.1)
28.5 ± 1.5
(25.1, 31.9)
0.96
CV (%) 23.2 ± 1.0
(21, 25.4)
23.6 ± 1.1
(21.1, 26.2)
0.58
% time < 54 mg/dL 0.2 ± 0.1
(0.05, 0.4)
0.5 ± 0.2
(0.05, 0.9)
0.36
% time < 70 mg/dL 1.0 ± 0.5
(0.1, 2)
1.4 ± 0.4
(0.4, 2.4)
0.28
% time 70–180 mg/dL 91.4 ± 2.6
(85.6, 97.2)
94.2 ± 0.9
(92.2, 96.2)
0.48
% time 70–140 mg/dL 74.2 ± 5.3
(62.3, 86)
78.8 ± 5.4
(73.2, 84.4)
0.51
% time > 180 mg/dL 7.6 ± 2.7
(1.6, 13.7)
4.4 ± 0.8
(2.5, 6.4)
0.17
% time > 140 mg/dL 24.8 ± 2.5
(12.6, 37.1)
19.8 ± 2.5
(14.1, 25.5)
0.28
% time > 250 mg/dL 1.1 ± 0.5
(0.2, 2.3)
0.3 ± 0.1
(0.03, 0.6)
0.39
Questionnaire data
PAGI 13.3 ± 2.6
(7, 19.6)
8.7 ± 6.3
(0, 24.2)
0.07
PAC 13.3 ± 5.7
(0.7, 27.2)
5.3 ± 1.9
(0.7, 9.9)
0.16
Bristol 3.7 ± 0.6
(2.1, 5.3)
3.6 ± 0.4
(2.7, 4.5)
0.87
MAQ 11,386 ± 6,188
(0, 25,818)
12,358 ± 9,735
(0, 39,431)
0.72

Data displayed as average ± standard error (95% confidence interval).

Weight, BMI, CGM measures, n = 10; DXA measures, n = 8; Questionnaire data n = 7.

LGL, low glycemic load; BMI, body mass index; AG, average glucose; SD, standard deviation; CV, coefficient of variation; PAGI, patient assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms; PAC, patient assessment of constipation; MAQ, modified activity questionnaire.