Table 2.
Differences in health measurements, lifestyle characteristics, and psychosocial factors between baseline and endline after the 3-month intervention (n=62).
| Objective variables | Baseline, mean (SD) | Endline, mean (SD) | P value | ||
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 68.56 (16.97) | 67.30 (16.86) | <.001 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.82 (4.80) | 24.35 (4.73) | <.001 | ||
| Somatic fat rate (%), mean (SD) | 28.50 (7.44) | 26.58 (7.90) | .005 | ||
| SBPa (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 130.42 (17.92) | 122.00 (15.06) | <.001 | ||
| DBPb (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 83.24 (13.27) | 77.92 (11.71) | .002 | ||
| Daily PAc (METd-hours per day), mean (SD) | 5.77 (3.81) | 9.85 (7.84) | <.001 | ||
| Daily amount of engaging in hard labor (MET-hours per day), mean (SD) | 1.31 (1.80) | 3.59 (6.08) | .004 | ||
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | .17e | ||||
|
|
Yes | 33 (53) | 24 (39) |
|
|
|
|
No | 29 (47) | 37 (61) |
|
|
| Length of sleep (hours), mean (SD) | 6.04 (0.95) | 6.09 (0.97) | .95 | ||
| ESSIf, mean (SD) | 23.66 (5.37) | 22.84 (5.65) | .27 | ||
| Physical function (Locomo 5), mean (SD) | 0.90 (1.72) | 0.75 (1.67) | .45 | ||
| Depression and anxiety (K6g), mean (SD) | 4.52 (5.00) | 4.58 (5.34) | .89 | ||
| Psychological stress, n (%) | .46h | ||||
|
|
High | 22 (35) | 19 (32) |
|
|
|
|
Moderate | 35 (57) | 31 (52) |
|
|
|
|
Low | 5 (8) | 9 (15) |
|
|
|
|
Not at all | 0 | 1 (1) |
|
|
| Loneliness, mean (SD) | 41.97 (8.92) | 42.61 (10.46) | .41 | ||
| Self-efficacy, mean (SD) | 69.98 (11.47) | 70.56 (13.33) | .38 | ||
| Health related QOLi (EQ-5S), mean (SD) | 0.91 (0.10) | 0.89 (0.15) | .33 | ||
aSBP: systolic blood pressure.
bDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
cPA: physical activity.
dMET: metabolic equivalent.
eChi-squared analysis (n=61 at endline).
fESSI: ENRICHD Social Support Instrument.
gK6: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.
hTrend test (n=60 at endline).
iQOL: quality of life.