Table 4.
Linear regression analyses of the effect of the differences of physical measurements and lifestyle characteristics on the average daily step count at baseline and endline after the 3-month intervention.
| Objective and explanatory variables | Model 1a (n=53) | Model 2b (n=53) | Model 3c (n=46) | Model 4d (n=46) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Regression coefficiente | P value | Regression coefficiente | P value | Regression coefficiente | P value | Regression coefficiente | P value | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weight (kg) | .002 |
|
.02 |
|
.04 |
|
.02 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –0.4006 | N/Af | –0.4152 | .002 | –0.3399 | .02 | –0.4639 | .004 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | —g | — | –0.1370 | .81 | –0.5151 | .38 | –0.7247 | .22 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Age | — | — | 0.0176 | .51 | –0.0146 | .65 | –0.0061 | .85 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | — | — | 0.0014 | .12 | 0.0014 | .12 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | –0.0002 | .09 | |||||||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | .002 |
|
.02 |
|
.03 |
|
.02 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –0.1467 | N/A | –0.1510 | .002 | –0.1253 | .02 | –0.1695 | .005 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | –0.1294 | .53 | –0.2662 | .23 | –0.3409 | .13 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Age | — | — | 0.0062 | .53 | –0.0061 | .62 | –0.0030 | .80 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | — | — | 0.0005 | .10 | 0.0005 | .11 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | –0.0001 | .11 | |||||||||||||||||
| Somatic fat rate (%)h | .31 |
|
.45 |
|
.32 |
|
.35 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –0.2511 | N/A | –0.2006 | .42 | 0.0015 | .99 | –0.1399 | .66 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | –0.1791 | .87 | –1.2000 | .32 | –1.4732 | .24 | |||||||||||||||||
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|
Age | — | — | –0.0639 | .22 | –0.1247 | .07 | –0.1135 | .10 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | — |
|
0.0013 | .48 | 0.0012 | .50 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | –0.0003 | .33 | |||||||||||||||||
| SBPi (mm Hg)j | .06 |
|
.008 |
|
.02 |
|
.01 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –1.9820 | N/A | –1.8190 | .07 | –2.0350 | .09 | –2.9610 | .03 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | 11.7100 | .01 | 13.7358 | .01 | 11.9093 | .02 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Age | — | — | –0.3203 | .13 | –0.0904 | .75 | –0.0361 | .90 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | — | — | –0.0904 | .12 | –0.0122 | .12 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | –0.0018 | .13 | |||||||||||||||||
| DBPk (mm Hg)j | .91 |
|
.33 |
|
.42 |
|
.57 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –0.1019 | N/A | –0.2195 | .79 | –0.3749 | .68 | –0.2971 | .78 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | 6.7060 | .07 | 7.6480 | .06 | 7.8010 | .07 | |||||||||||||||||
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|
Age | — | — | 0.0461 | .79 | 0.0471 | .83 | 0.0426 | .85 | |||||||||||||||||
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|
Household income | — | — | — | — | 0.0008 | .89 | 0.0008 | .90 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.0002 | .87 | |||||||||||||||||
| Daily PAl (METm-hours per day) | .45 |
|
.09 |
|
.22 |
|
.21 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –0.3979 | N/A | –0.1993 | .69 | –0.3899 | .51 | –0.0133 | .98 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | –4.1360 | .07 | –3.1282 | .22 | –2.4910 | .34 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Age | — | — | –0.1678 | .12 | –0.0524 | .71 | –0.0784 | .58 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | N/A | — | –0.0049 | .21 | –0.0048 | .22 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.0007 | .24 | |||||||||||||||||
| Daily amount of engaging in hard labor (MET-hours per day) | .28 |
|
.02 |
|
.10 |
|
.17 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –0.4305 | N/A | –0.2576 | .49 | –0.2591 | .56 | –0.1970 | .70 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | –3.6871 | .03 | –3.3468 | .08 | –3.2419 | .10 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Age | — | — | –0.1460 | .07 | –0.0953 | .36 | –0.0996 | .35 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | — | — | –0.0028 | .34 | –0.0027 | .35 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.0001 | .80 | |||||||||||||||||
| Alcohol consumptionn | .30 |
|
.23 |
|
.36 |
|
.44 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | –0.0694 | N/A | –0.0621 | .35 | –0.0001 | .40 | –0.0851 | .28 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | 0.1476 | .43 | 0.1471 | .45 | 0.1162 | .56 | |||||||||||||||||
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|
Age | — | — | –0.0139 | .12 | –0.0153 | .14 | –0.1394 | .19 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | — | — | 0.0001 | .78 | 0.0001 | .74 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | <–0.0001 | .47 | |||||||||||||||||
| Length of sleep (hours)h | .31 |
|
.30 |
|
.17 |
|
.22 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Change in step count | 0.0557 | N/A | 0.0460 | .41 | 0.1246 | .04 | 0.0995 | .15 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Sex | — | — | 0.2990 | .12 | 0.0906 | .65 | 0.0658 | .75 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Age | — | — | –0.0053 | .57 | –0.0117 | .29 | –0.0104 | .35 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Household income | — | — | — | — | –0.0001 | .73 | –0.0001 | .75 | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
Step count at baseline | — | — | — | — | — | — | <–0.0001 | .43 | |||||||||||||||||
aSimple regression analysis.
bMultiregression analyses adjusted for sex and age.
cMultiregression analyses adjusted for sex, age, and household income.
dMultiregression analyses adjusted for all covariates (sex, age, household income, and step count at baseline).
eNumber of 1000-step changes in each objective variable.
fN/A: not applicable.
gNot included in the model.
hModel 1: n=51; model 2: n=51; model 3: n=44; model 4: n=44.
iSBP: systolic blood pressure.
jModel 1: n=52; model 2: n=52; model 3: n=45; model 4: n=45.
kDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
lPA: physical activity.
mMET: metabolic equivalent.
nDichotomous variable: drinking alcohol at both baseline and endline or drinking only at baseline but not at endline.