Table 2.
DALYs and age-standardized DALYs rates of high BMI in 1990 and 2021 and the temporal trend of age-standardized DALYs rates from 1990 to 2021.
| 1990 |
2021 |
Relative change in age-standardized DALYs rate, 1990–2021 (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. DALYs cases (95% UI) | Age-standardized DALYs rates per 100,000 (95% UI) | No. DALYs cases (95% UI) | Age-standardized DALYs rates per 100,000 (95% UI) | ||
| Global | 48,042,109 (21,178,404–77,317,173) | 1189.69 (522.74–1915.93) | 128,520,083 (55,989,249–202,388,462) | 1493.24 (648.20–2350.72) | 0.26 (0.17–0.34) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 26,097,463 (11,042,501–42,206,794) | 1219.65 (517.22–1973.78) | 67,213,786 (28,417,735–105,552,569) | 1483.07 (629.86–2327.33) | 0.22 (0.13–0.30) |
| Male | 21,944,646 (10,106,039–35,110,379) | 1141.04 (531.56–1819.10) | 61,306,297 (27,566,755–94,931,875) | 1497.29 (673.38–2322.15) | 0.31 (0.21–0.40) |
| SDI | |||||
| Low SDI | 2,468,140 (1,381,991–4,049,774) | 969.81 (540.86–1583.95) | 7,889,939 (3,922,665–12,376,646) | 1346.99 (674.20–2106.27) | 0.39 (0.21–0.57) |
| Low-middle SDI | 6,286,643 (3,073,215–10,180,681) | 938.73 (471.39–1504.69) | 24,642,855 (11,581,774–38,153,751) | 1598.37 (751.34–2480.38) | 0.70 (0.50–0.87) |
| Middle SDI | 11,315,469 (5,727,436–17,561,040) | 1014.16 (526.82–1571.85) | 40,789,161 (18,222,014–62,362,498) | 1488.92 (668.95–2281.19) | 0.47 (0.26–0.58) |
| High-middle SDI | 13,456,764 (5,557,920–21,736,296) | 1361.36 (558.23–2199.25) | 28,327,365 (11,609,614–45,257,815) | 1482.16 (608.58–2355.15) | 0.09 (0.01–0.17) |
| High SDI | 14,426,131 (5,751,872–23,595,458) | 1349.13 (539.85–2203.07) | 26,714,020 (10,995,809–41,789,440) | 1457.17 (627.77–2256.99) | 0.08 (−0.01 to 0.19) |
| Causes | |||||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 21,082,657 (11,331,044–32,461,613) | 535.01 (291.22–821.15) | 45,426,879 (23,767,187–69,603,288) | 529.00 (277.28–808.64) | −0.01 (−0.09 to 0.06) |
| Chronic respiratory diseases | 2,253,937 (1,125,455–3,432,736) | 50.53 (24.72–78.10) | 3,283,296 (1,620,702–5,034,164) | 39.42 (19.62–60.16) | −0.22 (−0.29 to −0.13) |
| Diabetes and kidney diseases | 13,104,970 (6,710,991–18,815,930) | 320.65 (162.23–465.23) | 49,731,775 (27,183,231–69,950,744) | 574.62 (314.16–807.45) | 0.79 (0.67–0.94) |
| Digestive diseases | 1,324,282 (287,806–2,380,137) | 32.27 (6.95–57.57) | 2,802,393 (641,037–4,835,769) | 32.89 (7.50–56.74) | 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.12) |
| Musculoskeletal disorders | 4,717,812 (371,436–10,245,415) | 110.57 (8.37–240.46) | 13,400,010 (1,048,084–28,718,885) | 155.33 (12.24–332.41) | 0.40 (0.34–0.47) |
| Neoplasms | 3,549,049 (1,548,429–5,731,481) | 87.53 (37.43–141.83) | 8,894,525 (3,751,953–14,385,271) | 102.17 (43.24–165.02) | 0.17 (0.08–0.23) |
| Neurological disorders | 644,750 (−42,107–2,422,441) | 21.39 (−1.39–80.20) | 2,665,746 (−494,345–9,332,493) | 32.86 (−5.97–115.18) | 0.54 (0.10–2.94) |
| Respiratory infections and tuberculosis | 1,296,112 (256,345–3,776,109) | 29.91 (6.01–86.03) | 2,066,810 (446,316–5,536,306) | 24.05 (5.18–64.58) | −0.20 (−0.31 to 0.03) |
| Sense organ diseases | 68,540 (−1906–165,947) | 1.84 (−0.05–4.48) | 248,650 (−13,061–579,751) | 2.91 (−0.15–6.79) | 0.59 (0.36–1.62) |
| Regions | |||||
| Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania | 7,972,187 (4,497,186–12,493,796) | 659.23 (379.70–1031.99) | 31,031,603 (13,226,316–49,136,271) | 1100.63 (478.05–1746.16) | 0.67 (0.24–0.93) |
| Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia | 9,418,518 (3,651,238–15,443,012) | 2008.27 (780.70–3287.69) | 13,789,576 (5,658,981–22,092,071) | 2189.72 (898.17–3505.03) | 0.09 (0.00–0.20) |
| High-income | 14,936,271 (5,897,635–24,372,439) | 1299.67 (515.44–2118.25) | 26,139,558 (10,499,378–41,015,537) | 1371.22 (579.46–2121.93) | 0.06 (−0.04 to 0.16) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 4,550,785 (2,085,209–7,043,071) | 1881.69 (865.03–2905.67) | 14,073,821 (6,522,934–21,037,056) | 2227.31 (1031.03–3335.41) | 0.18 (0.10–0.27) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 4,542,622 (2,313,706–6,876,469) | 2526.69 (1321.48–3786.86) | 15,774,861 (7,841,442–23,600,021) | 3247.44 (1609.13–4855.73) | 0.29 (0.16–0.41) |
| South Asia | 3,612,123 (1,610,431–6,096,514) | 543.83 (252.26–913.62) | 17,553,020 (7,566,331–27,474,915) | 1098.12 (475.32–1719.6) | 1.02 (0.70–1.36) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 3,009,604 (1,650,519–4,816,184) | 1288.99 (708.52–2050.68) | 10,157,644 (5,017,330–15,818,678) | 1898.45 (945.08–2932.51) | 0.47 (0.31–0.63) |
| World Bank Regions | 47,906,166 (21,121,531–77,097,280) | 1188.20 (522.09–1913.51) | 128,277,498 (55,876,040–202,010,595) | 1492.27 (647.69–2349.24) | 0.26 (0.17–0.34) |
| WHO region | 47,688,874 (21,020,965–76,788,067) | 1188.19 (522.04–1914.43) | 127,682,162 (55,639,354–201,113,478) | 1492.98 (648.19–2350.74) | 0.26 (0.17–0.34) |
| European Union | 8,428,331 (3,406,036–13,723,281) | 1461.20 (589.22–2373.18) | 11,106,470 (4,310,550–17,860,250) | 1267.93 (506.44–2022.55) | −0.13 (−0.19 to −0.07) |
| League of Arab States | 3,056,198 (1,602,889–4,593,954) | 2708.37 (1461.43–4053.07) | 11,408,470 (5,753,042–16,990,011) | 3713.32 (1893.44–5560.98) | 0.37 (0.22–0.53) |
| Commonwealth | 7,732,670 (3,348,346–12,866,477) | 846.76 (366.51–1409.62) | 27,868,080 (12,140,569–43,551,500) | 1283.19 (559.36–2009.60) | 0.52 (0.36–0.68) |
| OECD Countries | 18,642,094 (7,576,845–30,190,134) | 1434.51 (584.48–2319.57) | 34,746,848 (14,372,327–53,679,642) | 1554.11 (670.37–2366.55) | 0.08 (0.00–0.19) |
| G20 | 34,214,590 (14,641,752–55,454,396) | 1115.25 (477.73–1807.32) | 85,493,105 (35,825,698–134,094,642) | 1346.35 (565.80–2114.31) | 0.21 (0.12–0.29) |
| African Union | 5,037,264 (2,618,826–7,851,120) | 1639.26 (874.05–2528.10) | 17,235,050 (8,674,459–26,019,866) | 2415.7 (1222.07–3635.08) | 0.47 (0.31–0.63) |
| Four World Regions | 47,855,321 (21,095,443–77,027,750) | 1187.53 (521.73–1912.67) | 128,185,788 (55,838,414–201,884,619) | 1491.84 (647.51–2348.75) | 0.26 (0.17–0.34) |
| World Bank Income Levels | 47,952,176 (21,140,154–77,173,043) | 1188.79 (522.33–1914.48) | 128,361,805 (55,916,035–202,142,032) | 1492.69 (647.91–2349.89) | 0.26 (0.17–0.34) |
| Nordic Region | 399,165 (146,287–664,556) | 1154.19 (426.71–1916.65) | 479,516 (175,707–787,612) | 949.22 (360.87–1546.95) | −0.18 (−0.25 to −0.10) |
| Organization of Islamic Cooperation | 8,246,518 (4,084,511–12,898,204) | 1479.44 (744.85–2301.14) | 29,894,508 (14,423,277–45,038,509) | 2157.72 (1040.46–3257.70) | 0.46 (0.33–0.58) |
| Association of Southeast Asian Nations | 2,065,164 (1,101,511–3,295,373) | 728.50 (394.16–1167.96) | 8,601,899 (3,947,409–13,389,979) | 1247.70 (578.04–1955.85) | 0.71 (0.47–0.94) |
| Gulf Cooperation Council | 275,454 (136,331–424,694) | 2904.59 (1450.77–4483.04) | 1,694,469 (881,404–2,462,284) | 4012.53 (2092.75–5867.85) | 0.38 (0.13–0.72) |
| Sahel region | 960,105 (514,358–1,532,975) | 1365.44 (732.51–2172.67) | 3,050,986 (1,537,485–4,728,889) | 1841.60 (918.23–2842.58) | 0.35 (0.16–0.56) |
| Health system grouping levels | 47,953,147 (21,140,711–77,174,479) | 1188.81 (522.34–1914.51) | 128,363,341 (55,916,850–202,144,164) | 1492.71 (647.92–2349.91) | 0.26 (0.17–0.34) |
Abbreviations: BMI, high body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DALYs, deaths and disability-adjusted life years; SDI, Socio-demographic Index; UI, uncertainty intervals.