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. 2024 Sep 20;10(19):e38049. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38049

Table 2.

Cross-section dependence analysis.

Test Statistics D.F Probability
Breusch-Pagan LM 86.512 10 0.000
Pesaran scaled LM 17.108 0.000
Pesaran CD 4.960 0.000

Note: The significant p-values probe that there the issue of cross-section dependence exists among the series of variables.

Source: self-elaboration.