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. 2024 Oct 8;19:140. doi: 10.1186/s13020-024-01014-9

Table 4.

Summary of detection of mycotoxins in plants based on nanozymes

Nanozyme/activity Analyte Assay format Method Sample LOD (ng/mL) Linear range (ng/mL) Ref
MnO2 NSs/OXD Fumonisin B1 NLISA Colorimetric Corn and wheat 0.63 1.17–20.74 [150]
PCu/POD Aspergillus flavus LFIA Colorimetric/photothermal Peanut and corn 0.45/0.22 1–1 × 105 [96]
MnO2 NSs/OXD Aflatoxin B1 LFIA Colorimetric Corn 0.015 0.01–150 [95]
CuCo@PDA/POD Aflatoxin B1 Apt-LFA Colorimetric Peanut, wheat, and corn 2.2 × 10–3 0.01–500 [97]
Cu2O@Au NCs/POD Aflatoxin B1 Aptasensor SERS Peanut 0.007 0.001–100 [93]
L-Cys-FeNiNPs/POD Aflatoxin B1 Aptasensor Colorimetric Corn and millet 36.57 120–2000 [151]
Au/Ni-Co LDH NCs/POD Aflatoxin B1 Aptasensor Electrochemical/colorimetric Corn 0.071 × 10–3/18.6 × 10–3 0.0002–100/0.05–100 [152]
Fe-N-C SAzymes/POD Aflatoxin B1 NLISA Colorimetric Peanut 3.3 × 10–3 0.0084–0.358 [77]
Pt-CN/POD Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Colorimetric/photothermal Peanut 0.22 × 10–3/0.76 × 10–3 0.001–10 [101]
PS@Pt-Pd/OXD Aflatoxin B1 NLISA Colorimetric Peanut 5.52 × 10–3 0.01–0.104 [91]
MnO2 NSs/OXD Aflatoxin B1 Immunosensor Colorimetric Peanut 6.5 × 10–3 0.05–150 [87]
MNPs/PBNPs/POD Aflatoxin B1 NAISA Photothermal/colorimetric/fluorescence Vinegar, wine, and peanut 3.42 × 10–3/15.07 × 10–6/0.54 × 10–6 10–2–100/10–4–100/10–5–100 [90]
m-SAP/POD Aflatoxin B1 NLASA Colorimetric Peanut 5 × 10–3 0.01–1000 [153]
Pt@PCN-222/OXD Aflatoxin B1 – Colorimetric Peanut and corn 0.074 × 106 0.1–10 [89]
CHNPs/OXD

ALP

Aflatoxin B1

 Immunosensor Colorimetric Peanut

0.003 U/L

0.73 × 10–3

 − 0.001–20 [99]
Octahedral Cu2O NPs/POD Ochratoxin A NLISA Colorimetric Millet 470 1 × 106–5 × 106 [110]
Co(OH)2 nanocages/OXD Ochratoxin A NLISA Colorimetric Corn and water samples 260 500–5 × 106 [102]
AuNPs/POD Ochratoxin A Aptasensor Colorimetric Oats, corn, soybeans, rice, and glutinous rice 6.20 nM 0.01–0.6 µM [103]
Cu@Fe-NC/POD Ochratoxin A NLISA Colorimetric/ratio fluorescence Corn and millet 790/520 103–104 [105]
Co/NCNT/OXD Ochratoxin A NLISA Colorimetric/fluorescence Corn and millet 210/170 1–104 [106]
Pd-Pt NRs/POD Ochratoxin A NLASA Colorimetric/SERS Red wine and grape 0.097/0.042 nM 0.1–40 nM [109]
AuAg NCs-SPCN/POD Ochratoxin A NLISA Fluorescence/colorimetric Red wine, wheat flour, and corn 155/213 103–107 [108]
CPNs(IV)/OXD Ochratoxin A ELISA Fluorescence/colorimetric Corn 0.404/0.962 4.69–37.50/14–300 [100]
Cu2O@Fe(OH)3 yolk-shell nanocages/POD Ochratoxin A NLISA Ratio fluorescence/colorimetric Millet and lake water 560/830 103–107 [107]
TiO2-PCA/OXD Zearalenone Aptasensor Colorimetric Corn and wheat 8.7 × 10–3 0.01–2 [154]
Ti3C2Tx/AuNPs nanocomposite/POD Zearalenone NLISA Colorimetric/photothermal Rice, oats, and corn 0.15 × 10–3/0.48 × 10–3 500–5 × 105 [112]
AuPt NPs/POD Zearalenone Aptasensor Colorimetric Corn and wheat 0.6979 1–250 [113]
Pt@AuNF/POD Zearalenone LFIA Colorimetric Corn 0.052 0.052–7.28 [111]
AuNPs/POD Zearalenone Aptasensor Colorimetric Corn and corn oil 10 10–250 [114]
ssDNA-g-C3N4 NSs/POD Ochratoxin A/fumonisin B1/aflatoxin B2/zearalenone/aflatoxin M1 – Colorimetric sensor array Corn 0.001 µM – [155]

SERS, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; NSs, nanosheets; POD, peroxidase; OXD, oxidase; NLISA, nanozyme-linked immunosorbent assay; NAISA, nanozyme and aptamer-based immunosorbent assay; NLASA, nanozyme-linked apta-sorbent assay LFIA, lateral flow immunoassay; ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Cu2O@Au NCs, Cu2O@Au nanocubes; PS@Pt–Pd, platinum and palladium bimetallic nanozyme modified polystyrene (PS) microspheres; Apt-LFA, aptamer-mediated lateral flow assay; Cu@Fe-NC, CuFe-bimetal coordinated N-doped carbon; Co/NCNT, Co nanoparticle/N-doped carbon nanotubes; L-Cys-FeNiNPs, L-cysteine-functionalized FeNi bimetallic nanoparticles; SAzymes, single-atom nanozymes; PCA, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid; AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; Pt-CN, Pt supported on nitrogen-doped carbon amorphous; AuAg NCs, Au–Ag nanoclusters; SPCN, S, P co-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets; CHNPs, copper hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; Pd-Pt NRs, Pd-Pt bimetallic nanocrystals; PCu, Cu-anchored inherent photothermal polydopamine (PDA); Pt@AuNF, platinum gold nanoflower; MNPs/PBNPs, magnetic nanoparticles/Prussian blue nanoparticles; m-SAP, AuPt nanoparticles loaded mesoporous SiO2 nanospheres; Pt@PCN-222, Pt nanoparticles loaded zirconium-porphyrin-MOF; Au/Ni-Co LDH NCs, Au nanoparticles anchored Ni-Co layered double hydroxides nanocages; CPNs(IV), cerium-based nanoparticles; ssDNA, single-stranded DNA