Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models for low wellbeing and symptoms of moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety, by characteristics of 4906 ever-married women in urban informal settlements, Mumbai, India
| Characteristic | Low mental wellbeing on SWEMWBS | Moderate-to-severe depression symptoms on PHQ-9 | Moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms on GAD-7 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | [95% CI] | aOR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | aOR | [95% CI] | OR | [95% CI] | aOR | [95% CI] | |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Currently married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Widowed, separated, divorced | 1.2 | [0.7, 2.0] | 1.3 | [0.6, 2.6] | 6.0 | [4.2, 8.6] | 4.6 | [2.6, 8.0] | 5.2 | [3.9, 7.0] | 3.4 | [1.8, 6.4] |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| 18–19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 20–29 | 1.0 | [0.4, 2.9] | 1.0 | [0.4, 3.0] | 0.9 | [0.4, 2.2] | 1.1 | [0.4, 3.1] | 0.7 | [0.3, 1.9] | 0.9 | [0.3, 2.7] |
| 30–39 | 0.9 | [0.3, 2.8] | 0.9 | [0.3, 2.8] | 0.9 | [0.4, 2.3] | 0.9 | [0.3, 2.8] | 0.8 | [0.3, 2.1] | 0.9 | [0.3, 2.7] |
| 40–49 | 0.8 | [0.3, 2.4] | 0.7 | [0.2, 2.3] | 1.5 | [0.6, 3.9] | 1.4 | [0.5, 4.1] | 1.4 | [0.5, 3.7] | 1.5 | [0.5, 4.4] |
| Schooling | ||||||||||||
| No schooling | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Primary class 1–5 | 1.0 | [0.8, 1.3] | 1.1 | [0.8, 1.4] | 0.9 | [0.6, 1.2] | 0.9 | [0.6, 1.2] | 0.9 | [0.6, 1.3] | 0.8 | [0.5, 1.2] |
| Middle 6–8 | 0.8 | [0.6, 1.0] | 0.8 | [0.6, 1.0] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.2] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.3] | 1.0 | [0.7, 1.4] | 1.0 | [0.7, 1.4] |
| High 9–10 | 0.6 | [0.5, 0.8] | 0.7 | [0.5, 0.8] | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.8] | 0.7 | [0.5, 1.0] | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.7] | 0.7 | [0.5, 0.9] |
| Higher 11–12 | 0.5 | [0.4, 0.8] | 0.5 | [0.4, 0.8] | 0.5 | [0.3, 0.8] | 0.8 | [0.5, 1.3] | 0.5 | [0.3, 0.9] | 0.7 | [0.4, 1.3] |
| Above 12 | 0.5 | [0.3, 0.7] | 0.5 | [0.4, 0.8] | 0.4 | [0.2, 0.6] | 0.6 | [0.3, 1.0] | 0.4 | [0.2, 0.7] | 0.6 | [0.3, 1.2] |
| Employment of respondent | ||||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.1] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.1] | 2.0 | [1.6, 2.5] | 1.5 | [1.2, 2.0] | 2.0 | [1.5, 2.5] | 1.5 | [1.1, 2.1] |
| Employment of husband | ||||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.7 | [0.4, 1.2] | 0.8 | [0.4, 1.5] | 0.3 | [0.2, 0.4] | 0.7 | [0.4, 1.3] | 0.4 | [0.2, 0.6] | 1.0 | [0.5, 2.0] |
| Alcohol or drug use by respondent | ||||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.2] | 0.7 | [0.5, 1.0] | 2.2 | [1.7, 2.9] | 1.4 | [1.0, 1.9] | 2.3 | [1.6, 3.1] | 1.4 | [1.1, 1.9] |
| Alcohol or drug use by husband | ||||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.4 | [1.2, 1.6] | 1.3 | [1.1, 1.5] | 2.7 | [2.2, 3.3] | 2.2 | [1.8, 2.8] | 2.6 | [1.8, 3.6] | 2.1 | [1.4, 3.0] |
| Caste | ||||||||||||
| General caste | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| OBC (Other backward caste) | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.1] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.1] | 0.8 | [0.7, 1.1] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.1] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.2] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.3] |
| ST/SC (Scheduled tribe or caste) | 1.4 | [1.1, 1.8] | 1.5 | [1.1, 1.9] | 1.0 | [0.8, 1.4] | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.3] | 1.0 | [0.7, 1.5] | 1.0 | [0.7, 1.4] |
| Faith | ||||||||||||
| Muslim | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Hindu | 0.9 | [0.7, 1.2] | 1.0 | [0.8, 1.3] | 0.7 | [0.6, 0.9] | 0.8 | [0.6, 1.0] | 0.6 | [0.5, 0.9] | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.9] |
| Other | 1.1 | [0.6, 1.8] | 1.1 | [0.6, 2.0] | 1.2 | [0.8, 1.9] | 1.1 | [0.6, 2.1] | 1.4 | [0.8, 2.2] | 1.3 | [0.7, 2.2] |
| Household socioeconomic quintile | ||||||||||||
| 1 Poorest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 2 | 0.7 | [0.6, 0.9] | 0.7 | [0.6, 0.9] | 0.7 | [0.5, 1.0] | 0.7 | [0.5, 1.0] | 0.8 | [0.6, 1.1] | 0.8 | [0.5, 1.2] |
| 3 | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.7] | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.8] | 0.8 | [0.6, 1.1] | 0.8 | [0.6, 1.1] | 0.8 | [0.5, 1.2] | 0.8 | [0.5, 1.2] |
| 4 | 0.4 | [0.3, 0.6] | 0.5 | [0.3, 0.6] | 0.6 | [0.5, 0.8] | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.8] | 0.7 | [0.5, 1.1] | 0.7 | [0.4, 1.0] |
| 5 Least poor | 0.4 | [0.3, 0.6] | 0.5 | [0.4, 0.7] | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.8] | 0.7 | [0.4, 1.0] | 0.6 | [0.4, 0.9] | 0.7 | [0.4, 1.1] |
| All (N) | 4906 | (100.0) | 4906 | (100.0) | 4906 | (100.0) | ||||||
Footnote
SWEMWBS: Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale-7. PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9. GAD-7: Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7. CI: confidence interval. OR: odds ratio. aOR: odds ratio adjusted with covariates for marital status, age, schooling, employment of respondent and husband, alcohol or drug use by respondent of husband, caste, faith and socioeconomic score