Table 2.
- Comparison of the mean score of overall quality of life based on demographics, clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus patients and systemic lupus erythematosus related damage (results of univariate analysis).
| Variables | Mean±SD | P-values |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 57.56±12.37 | 0.951* |
| Female | 57.72±11.96 | |
| Age in years | r= -0.053 | 0.384 ‡ |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 58.44±12.60 | 0.518** |
| Married | 57.70±11.15 | |
| Divorced | 54.90±13.50 | |
| Widowed | 52.93±5.31 | |
| Educational level | ||
| Illiterate | 58.69±10.42 | 0.850** |
| Below secondary school | 56.41±13.74 | |
| Secondary school/diploma | 57.40±11.36 | |
| University/postgraduate | 58.29±12.27 | |
| Job status | ||
| Unemployed | 57.93±11.70 | 0.975** |
| Student | 57.68±13.57 | |
| Employee | 56.99±12.06 | |
| Retired | 60.22±6.06 | |
| Average family income (SR/month) | ||
| <5000 | 57.28±12.00 | 0.068** |
| 5000-10000 | 62.08±11.70 | |
| 10001-15000 | 56.04±11.85 | |
| >15000 | 53.48±10.06 | |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoke | 58.19±11.87 | 0.084** |
| Current smoker | 51.73±12.28 | |
| Ex-smoker | 54.98±12.43 | |
| Body mass index | ||
| Underweight | 61.22±12.74 | 0.139** |
| Normal | 56.99±12.21 | |
| Overweight | 59.06±11.37 | |
| Obese | 55.90±11.76 | |
| Disease duration (years) | ||
| <5 | 59.16±12.18 | 0.142** |
| 5-10 | 55.90±11.77 | |
| >10 | 58.53±11.94 | |
| Number of medications | ||
| ≤3 | 56.68±11.53 | 0.561** |
| 4-6 | 58.41±12.33 | |
| >6 | 58.15±12.17 | |
| Overall SLE damage in the last 6 months (no/yes) | 58.35±11.76/56.30±12.37 | 0.192* |
| Ocular (no/yes) | 57.69±12.25/57.79±10.59 | 0.959* |
| Neuropsychiatric (no/yes) | 57.97±12.15/56.50±11.18 | 0.437* |
| Cardiovascular (no/yes) | 57.74±11.96/57.03±12.65 | 0.835* |
| Pulmonary (no/yes) | 62.08±10.64/57.34±12.03 | 0.081* |
| Renal (no/yes) | 58.47±13.15/57.62±11.86 | 0.723* |
| Gastrointestinal (no/yes) | 58.71±9.90/57.68±12.04 | 0.823* |
| Peripheral vascular diseases (no/yes) | 57.70±12.21/57.74±10.71 | 0.985* |
| Skin (no/yes) | 59.37±11.79/57.24±12.01 | 0.227* |
| Musculoskeletal (no/yes) | 58.36±13.24/57.57±11.72 | 0.685* |
| Diabetes mellitus (no/yes) | 57.77±12.02/56.70±11.57 | 0.730* |
| Malignancy (no/yes) | 67.65±7.48/57.63±11.98 | 0.239* |
| Premature gonadal failure (no/yes) | 59.19±12.92/57.40±11.78 | 0.357* |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).
*
Independent 2 samples t-test.
**
One-way analysis of variance test.
‡
Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.
SR: Saudi Riyals, SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus