Sequence and proportion of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in mid-2024. (A) Spike mutations of SARS-CoV-2 variants relative to the spike domains of the BA.2.86.1 parental strain. JN.1, KP.1.1, LB.1, and KP.3.3 were further studied. The mutations in KP.2, JN.1.18, and JN.1.16 are also indicated. (B) Evolution of the prevalence of the main SARS-CoV-2 lineages from January to August 4, 2024, showing the expansion of JN.1-derived lineages. The star indicates the presence of different sublineages. The variants highlighted with a frame are analyzed in this study. Data from the GISAID EpiCoV database. (C) Comparison of spike mutations of selected SARS-CoV-2 variants using Wuhan_ Hu-1 (NC_045512) as reference. The color scale reflects the frequency of the mutations within lineages based on the data available on the GISAID EpiCOV database.