Table 2. Differential expression of various salivary microRNA biomarkers.
| Biomarkers | Study population | Saliva partition | Methods | Expression | Function | Sensitivity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-423-5p | 147 (58 HC, 89 OSCC) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 2600g, 15 minutes) | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Upregulated | Oncogene | p<0.001 | 103 |
| miRNA-let-7a-5p and miRNA- 3928 | 230 (80 HC and 150 HNSCC) | Whole saliva | qRT-PCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p<0.0001 p<0.01 | 104 |
| miR-26a and miR-26b | 28 (14 HC, 14 OLP) | Whole saliva | Real-time PCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p<0.001 | 105 |
| miRNA 31 | 72 (HC and OPMD) | Saliva Supernatant | qRT-PCR | Upregulated | Oncogene | p=0.01 | 106 |
| miRNA-124-3p | 216 (108 HC, 108 HNSCC) | Whole saliva | miRNA PCR Array and qRT-PCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p=0.002 | 107 |
| miRNA-191 miRNA-146a | 78 (24 HC, 14 OSCC, 14 hOSCC, 13 OSCCr, 13hOSCCr) | Oral brush | Real time PCR | Upregulated | Oncogene | p<0.001 | 108 |
| miRNA-125a miRNA-200a | 60 (15 HC, 15 OSCC, 30 OLP) | Whole saliva | qRT-PCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p<0.0001 | 109 |
| miRNA-320a | 62 (15 HC, 15 OSCC and 32 OLP) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 3000g, 15 minutes) | RT-qPCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p=0.004 | 110 |
| miRNA-139-5p | 50 (25 HC and 25 TSCC) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 2600g, 15 minutes) | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p=0.006 | 111 |
| miRNA-21, miRNA-184 | 100 (20 HC, 40 PMDs, 20 OSCC and 20 RAS) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 2500g, 10 minutes) | qRT-PCR | Upregulated | Oncogenes | p<0.001 | 112 |
| miRNA-145 | 100 (20 HC, 40 PMDs, 20 OSCC and 20 RAS) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 2500g, 10 minutes) | qRT-PCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p<0.001 | 112 |
| miRNA-24, miRNA-27b | 34 (9 HC, 9 OSCC, 8 OSCC-R and 8 OLP) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 2600g, 15 minutes) | Nanostring miRNA assay and RT-qPCR | Upregulated | Oncogenes | p<0.05 | 113 |
| miRNA-136 | 34 (9 HC, 9 OSCC, 8 OSCC-R, and 8 OLP) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 2600g, 15 minutes) | Nanostring miRNA assay and RT-qPCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p<0.05 | 113 |
| miRNA-9 | 112 (56 HC, 56 HNSCC) | Saliva supernatant | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Upregulated | Oncogenes | p<0.0001 | 114 |
| miRNA-134 | 112 (56 HC, 56 HNSCC) | Saliva supernatant | Microarray and qRT-PCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor gene | p<0.0001 | 114 |
| miRNA-148a, miRNA-1250, miRNA-632, miRNA-503, miRNA-323-5p | 34 (9 HC, 9 OSCC, 8 OSCC-R and 8 OLP) | Saliva Supernatant (centrifuged at 2600g, 15 minutes) | Nanostring miRNA assay and RT-qPCR | Downregulated | - | p=0.027 | 113 |
| miRNA-145-5p, miRNA-99b-5p, miRNA-181c, miRNA-197-3p | 14 (7 HC and 7 OLP) | Whole saliva | Microarray and RT-qPCR | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor genes | p=0.034 p=0.011 p=0.028 p=0.057 | 115 |
| miRNA-10b, miRNA-30e | 14 (7 HC and 7 OLP) | Whole saliva | Microarray and RT-qPCR | Upregulated | Oncogenes | p=0.008 p=0.089 | 115 |
p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.