Table 3.

Clinical and service use associations with unemployment in service users diagnosed with severe mental illness

	N ever unemployed	Percentage ever unemployed	Unadjusted logistic regressiona		Logistic regression adjusted for age and sexa		Logistic regression fully adjusteda, b
			Odds ratio	95% CI	Odds ratio	95% CI	Odds ratio	95% CI
Diagnosis type
Affective	4537	81.4	Reference		Reference		Reference
Non-affective	12,241	86.2	1.43	1.32–1.55	1.48	1.35–1.61	1.24	1.13–1.35
SMI Onset
Late onset	1162	60.9	Reference		Reference		Reference
Working age onset	15,616	87.4	4.46	4.03–4.94	3.52	2.84–4.36	3.44	2.77–4.27
Substance use disorder (ever)
No	13,553	83.2	Reference		Reference		Reference
Yes	3225	92.7	2.56	2.24–2.93	2.13	1.86–2.45	2.02	1.76–2.33
Inpatient admission
No admissions	10,230	79.6	Reference		Reference		Reference
1 + admissions	6548	94.8	4.63	4.13–5.19	4.65	4.14–5.23	4.18	3.71–4.70
Inpatient admission(s) bed days
No admissions	10,230	79.6	Reference		Reference		Reference
Low/moderate (< 78 days)	3187	92.5	3.16	2.76–3.61	3.05	2.66–3.50	2.78	2.42–3.19
High (≥ 78 days)	3361	97.0	8.30	6.80–10.13	8.68	7.09–10.62	7.78	6.34–9.54
Compulsory inpatient admission(s)
No detention	11,402	80.9	Reference		Reference		Reference
Detention	5376	94.6	4.15	3.67–4.69	4.01	3.54–4.55	3.45	3.03–3.92

^aAll likelihood ratio tests were significant (p < 0.0001)

^bModels were adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, relationship status, ethnicity, diagnosis type, age at diagnosis, and substance use disorder