Table 1.
Composition of medicinal Plants, Parts used, ailments treated and mode of application.
| Scientific name | Family | Local name | Plant parts used | Ailments treated | Mode of preparation and application | Conservation status | Voucher number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acacia polyacantha Willd | Fabaceae | Girar | Leaves and Bark | Musculoskeletal disease | Dried bark and leaves are grinded, mixed with water and administered orally every morning before meal | NE | AD0012 |
| Acanthus sennii Chiov.* | Acanthaceae | Kusheshilie | Stem | Tomour | Fresh stem latex is squeezed, mixed with water and applied the affected body part for massaging from 3 to 4 days | NT | CH009 |
| Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv | Fabaceae | Ambelta | Root | Neurological disease | Dried root part will be crushed, mixed with water and extract will be administered orally | LC | CH0010 |
| Albizia coriaria Welw. ex Oliv | Fabaceae | Sendel | Root and Bark | Evil spirit | Fresh root and bark are boiled together and filtered mixture will be administered orally when cold enough | LC | AD0021 |
| Allium cepa L. | Alliaceae | Qey shinkurt | Bulb | Hypertension | Pound the fresh leaves and administer the macerate orally | NE | AD0022 |
| Allium sativum L. | Alliaceae | Nechi shenkurt | Bulb | Kidney infection | Eat the fresh raw bulb/leaf every morning before a meal | NE | CH0016 |
| Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f | Asphodelaceae | Eret | Leaf | Dermataites | Pounded fresh leaves is boiled with hot water and cream the extract on the affected body part | NE | AD001 |
| Amaranthus graecizans L. | Amaranthaceae | Aluma | Leaf | Gastritis | Pound the fresh leaves and consume orally | LC | AD002 |
| Asparagus africanus Lam | Asparagaceae | Yeset Keset | Root | Erectile disfunction | Pounded fresh root bark is mixed with water and administer orally from 2 to 4 consecutive days by-passing from alcohol consumption | NE | AS007 |
| Boswellia papyrifera (Caill. ex Delile) Hochst.* | Burseraceae | Etan | Bark | Evil spirit | Fresh bark is boiled and the body will be bathed with the exudate | VU | AS008 |
| Brassica carinata A.Braun | Cabombaceae | Gomenzer | Seed | Wound healing | Dried seed is pulverized, mixed with water and administer the extract orally | NE | CH001 |
| Brucea antidysenterica J.F.Mill | Simaroubaceae | Abalo | Root and Bark | Gastritis | Dried stem bark and root part will be pounded, mixed with water and administered orally | LC | CH1007 |
| Capparis tomentosa Lam | Capparidaceae | Gumero | Root and Leaf | Evil eye** | The dried root and leaf are pounded then the powder is put on fire, then sniffed the fumigate | LC | AD0020 |
| Capsicum annuum L. | Solanaceae | Mitemita | Vegetable | Malaria | Dried/fresh fruit vegetable will be pounded and consumed together with Ethiopian cultural food, "Enjera" | LC | AD0013 |
| Cardiospermum corindum L. | Sapindaceaee | Semeg | Root | Eczema | Fresh root part is pounded, mix it with water and administer orally | NE | AD0021 |
| Cardiospermum halicacabum | Sapindaceae | Samag | Fruit | Contraceptive | Consume the fruit | LC | CH002 |
| Carica papaya L. | Caricaceae | Papaya | Fruit, Leaf | Gastritis | Ripen fruits and leaves are boiled with water and consumed the extracts orally every morning before meals | DD | AD0018 |
| Carissam spinarum L. | Apocynaceae | Agam- | Root | Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Evil Eye**, Mastitis | The dried root parts are pounded then the powder is put on fire then, sniffed the fumigate or fresh root will be pounded, mix with water and administer orally | LC | AD0023 |
| Centella asiatica (L.) Urb | Apiaceae | Yeayte joro | Leaf | Goiter | Squeeze the leaf, then drink the liquid with a finger-sized amount of the cup | LC | AD0019 |
| Clematis hirsuta Perr. & Guill | Ranunculaceae | Nechi harge | Root | Rabies | Pound finger-sized roots, mix with milk, and drink before meal | NE | AS0019 |
| Coffea arabica L.* | Rubiaceae | Buna | Flower and Fruit | Headache | Dried and roasted flower and fruit plant part are pounded, boiled with water and administered orally | EN | AS0015 |
| Combretum adenogonium Steud. ex A.Rich | Combretaceae | Weyba | Stem | Malaria | Dried stem is pounded to powder, mix it with tea or coffee and administer orally | LC | CH0026 |
| Commelina imberbis Ehrenb.ex Hassk | Commelinaceae | Weha Ankur | Root | Erectile disfunction | Chew the fresh root or pound it and apply as a smear on male reproductive organ | LC | AD0027 |
| Commicarpus plumbagineus (Cav.) Standl | Nyctaginaceae | Qoqo | Whole part | Asthma | Pound the fresh plant part, mix with water, and take the extract orally | VU | AD0024 |
| Cordia africana Lam | Boraginaceae | Wanza | Root | Headache | Pound the fresh root bark, mix with water, and administer the extract orally | LC | AS0014 |
| Coriandrum sativum L. | Apiaceae | Denbelal | Seed | Postpartum hemorrhage | Grind the seed, put it in 1 L of water, bury it for 24 h, then drink one cup every morning and evening for 7 consecutive days | NE | CH0011 |
| Croton macrostachyus | Euphorbiaceae | Bisana | Root and Bark | Hepatitis | Pound the fresh bark, mix it with water and take the extract orally | LC | CH004 |
| Cucurbita pepo L. | Cucurbitaceae | Duba | Fruit | Ascariasis | Pulverized roasted seed devoid of seed coat is pounded, mixed with water and consumed with Ethiopian cultural food, "Injera" | LC | AD003 |
| Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf | Poaceae | Tejisar | Root | Febrile illness | Fresh root part is smashed, mixed with water and administer orally | NE | CH0025 |
| Cynoglossum coeruleum Hochst. ex A.DC | Boraginaceae | Shemgegit | Root | Febrile illness | Apply the root latex on the affected body part as a cream | NE | AS0020 |
| Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm | Vitaceae | Aserkush | Root | Rabies | Pound the root, mix it with honey, and take for one day before food, then fast for 6 h | NE | AS0010 |
| Datura stramonium L | Solanaceae | Astenager | Leaf and Root | Leishmaniasis | Pound the fresh roots and leaf parts and put on infected body part | NE | AD0025 |
| Delphinium wellbyi Hemsl | Ranunculaceae | Gedel Amuke | Bark | Toothache | Chew the bark with honey, then swallow | NE | AS005 |
| Duranta erecta L.. | Verbenaceae | Muatish | Root | Febrile illness | Pound the root, mix with water, bathe with it for seven days, and drink extract | LC | AS006 |
| Echinops kebericho Mesfin* | Asteraceae | Kebricho | Root | Febrile illness | The dried root and leaf are pounded then the powder is put on fire then, sniffed the fumigate; or Boil the powder with coffee and administer orally | NT | CH005 |
| Ekebergia capensis Sparrm | Meliaceae | Lol | Bark | Psychosis | The dried bark is pounded then the powder is put on fire then, sniffed the fumigate | LC | AD004 |
| Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn | Poaceae | Dagusa | Seed | Mastitis | Grind the seed then use as feed the animals suffered from Mastitis | LC | AD0028 |
| Erythrina brucei Schweinf | Fabaceae | Korch | Bark | Exo-parasite | Pound the fresh bark and eat it with bread | LC | AS0011 |
| Euphorbia tirucalli L. | Euphorbiaceae | Qenchib | Stem | Psychosis | Mix the latex collected from stem with honey and administer orally every morning | LC | AS009 |
| Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.* | Euphorbiaceae | Kulkual | Stem | Rabies, and Psychosis | Extract the latex from the stem, mix the extract with red cow's milk and drink orally | LC | AD006 |
| Ferula communis L. | Apiaceae | Doge | Root | Psychosis, Snakebite envenoming | Dried roots is pounded, mixed with honey and apply as a paste | LC | CH0012 |
| Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn | Rubiaceae | Gambello | Root | Snakebite envenoming | Fresh leaf part is boiled with water and drink the extract orally or chew the root and apply the cream on the affected body | LC | AD0029 |
| Grewia ferruginea Hochst. ex A.Rich | Tiliaceae | Alenqoza | Bark | Tapeworm | Fresh bark will be chewed and the extract will be consumed orally | NE | AD007 |
| Hydnora johannis Becc | Hydnoraceae | Dechi merchi | Root | Inflammation | Boil with Niger oil and water, then drink | LC | CH0015 |
| Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T.Anderson | Acanthaceae | Sensel | Leaf | Hepatitis | Cut the leaf, squeeze after 12 h, mix the liquid with a small amount of water, and apply on the shaved head | NE | AS0021 |
| Kalanchoe petitiana A. Rich | Crassulaceae | Endahula | Leaf | Cough | Squeeze the leaf, mix with liquor and Injera, then eat | NE | AS0025 |
| Lantana trifolia L. | Verbenaceae | Argefegefo | Root | Evil eye** | The dried root is pounded then the powder is put on fire then, sniffed the fumigate | LC | CH0018 |
| Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson | Lamiaceae | Yeferes Zeng | Leaf | Febrile illness | The dried leaf is pounded then the powder is put on fire then, sniffed the fumigate | LC | CH0019 |
| Lepidium sativum L. | Brassicaceae | Feto | Whole part | Dysentry, Erythroblastosis fetalis, and Warte | Pound the seeds, mix with milk, then drink | LC | AS003 |
| Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. | Solanaceae | Timatim | Fruit | Dermataites, and Artirits | Chop the fruit and drink with tea | LC | AD008 |
| Mangifera indica L. | Anacardiaceae | Mango | Leaf | Dermataites | Pound the leaf, mix with Niger oil seed, butter (without water), and lichen, then apply on the affected body | DD | AS0026 |
| Momordica foetida Schumach | Cucurbitaceae | Yequra harege | Whole part | Hepatitis | Squeeze the leaf, put the liquid on the shaved head | NE | AD0014 |
| Musa acuminata Colla | Musaceae | Muze | Fruit | Eczema | Rub the banana fruit | LC | CH0023 |
| Myrica salicifolia A. Rich | Myrtaceae | Shinet | Bark and Root | Stomach cramps, Erythroblastosis fetalis | Squeeze the leaf and apply the liquid to the shaved head for 3–5 consecutive days | LC | AS0012 |
| Myrtus communis L. | Myrtaceae | Ades | Leaf | Hair Beauty | Rub the fruit of Banana for 7 days | LC | AS004 |
| Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth | Lamiaceae | Dama Kessie | Leaf | Febrile illness | Chewing the bark, then swallow | NE | CH0024 |
| Otostegia integrifolia Benth | Lamiaceae | Tenjut | Leaf and Root | Pneumonia | Grind the dried leaves, then blend with Ximenia americana seed oil, and gently massage onto the hair for 3 consecutive days | NE | AD0026 |
| Pavonia schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich | Malvaceaee | Ablalit | Leaf | Inflamation (Breast cancer) | Massage after heating the fresh leaves | LC | CH0027 |
| Pavonia urens Cav. | Malvaceae | Ablalit | Root | Erectile disfunction | Grind the dried root and consume it with Geshoo-free Tela for 5–7 days, avoiding alcohol consumption during this period | VU | AS0013 |
| Plantago lanceolata L. | Plantaginaceae | Etse nahom | Leaf | Dandruf | The dried leaves pounded and mix the powder with butter and apply to the affected body for four days | VU | CH008 |
| Plumbago zeylanica L. | Plumbaginaceae | Amera/Amira | Root | Toothache | The dried root pounded then the powder is put on fire, then sniffed the fumigate | LC | CH0028 |
| Polygala abyssinica R.Br. ex Fresen | Polygalaceae | Este libona | Root | Snakebite envenoming | Tie the root on the affected body and hold in hand | NE | AD0015 |
| Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. | Polygonaceae | Meqemeqo | Root | Dandruf | Grid the dried root, then mix with butter, and apply on the affected body for seven days | NE | AS0016 |
| Ruta chalepensis L. | Rutaceae | Tena Adam | Root and fruit | Cancer | Pound the roots and fruits with garlic and ash, then place the mix on the ulcer | LC | AD0030 |
| Clinopodium abyssinicum (Benth.) Kuntze | Lamiaceae | Boze | Root | Erectile disfunction | Pounding the dried roots with Phytolacca dodecandra root and fruit, and mix the powder with honey by water, then drink the mix for three days | NE | AD0031 |
| Schinus molle L. | Anacardiaceae | Qundo-berbere | Seed | Wound healing | Pounding the dried seed, then smell the powder and drink the liquid through mixing with water when sick | LC | AS0024 |
| Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen | Polygalaceae | Etse menahi | Root | Evil Eye** | The dried root are pounded, then bury it on the left side of the door | LC | CH0022 |
| Sida ternata L.f. | Malvaceae | Yemedir hareg | Leaf and Root | Evil Eye**, Touth pain | The dried root and leaf are pounded then the powder is put on fire, then sniffed the fumigate | LC | AS0023 |
| Sida rhombifolia L. | Malvaceae | Gorgeget | Whole part | Evil Eye**, Touth pain | Pounding the root with garlic and any part of rue, then make daring the patient or smell the patient through the nose with finger size and chew the root, then discard the remnants | LC | AS0022 |
| Silene macrosolen Steud. ex A.Rich | Caryophylacaea | Wogert | Root | Erectile disfunction | Chew the fresh root with Asparagus africanus root before initiating sexual activity | LC | AS0017 |
| Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. | Asteraceae | Yeahya Eshohe | Root | Eye diseases | Tie the fresh root to the ear on the side of the affected eye | LC | AD0017 |
| Solanum anguivi Lam. | Solanaceae | Zerchi Emboye | Root | Wound healing | The dried root ponded, then apply the powder on the wound | LC | AD0036 |
| Solanum nigrum L. | Solanaceae | Tequr Awete | Fruit | Fever, and Uvula | Grind the fruit, then mix with water, then wash the body of the patient | NE | AD0033 |
| Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. | Apiaceae | Yejibe dula | Bark and Root | Abortion, and Bon fracture | Pound the dried bark and root, then eat it with bread | LC | AD009 |
| Tephrosia elata Deflers. | Fabaceae | Yeait-hareg | Root | Pneumonia | Pounding the dried root, then put the powder on fire, then sniffed the fumigate | NE | CH007 |
| Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. | Menispermaceae | Etse Eyesus | Root, leaf | Fire burn | Pound the dried leaves or root, then apply the powder onto burned skin | LC | CH0021 |
| Stereospermum kunthianum Cham | Bignoniaceae | zana/washinet | Whole part | Snakebite envenoming, Vomiting, Stomachache | Pound the either of the fresh part and drink the extracts | LC | CH0014 |
| Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry | Myrtaceae | Qernfud | Fruit | Diarrhea | Consume the fruit with a cup of coffee | LC | CH0020 |
| Tapinanthus globifer (A.Rich.) Tiegh. | Loranthaceae | Teketila | Leaf | Snakebite envenoming | Harvest leaves on Wednesdays and Fridays, bury them briefly, heat them over a fire, and then gently apply the mixture to the affected area seven times | VU | AD0016 |
| Triticum turgidum L. | Poaceae | Aja | Powder | Back pain | Prepare it with some amount of hot water, then eat with bread or porridge | LC | AS0018 |
| Triumfetta pilosa Roth. | Tiliaceae | Shmgegit | Root | Postpartum hemorrhage | Slowly dig up the entire root and apply it onto the vagina | LC | AS002 |
| Verbena officinalis L. | Verbenaceae | Atuch | Root, Leaf | Malaria | Pound the root or leaf, then mix the powder with water or honey, then drink it | LC | AD0010 |
| Vernonia amygdalina Del. | Asteraceae | Girawa | Leaf | Goiter | Simmer with 5 cups of water until it reduces to one cup, then consume every morning for 7 consecutive days | LC | AS001 |
| Viscum triflorum DC | Viscaceae | Golo kokeb | Whole part | Erythroblastosis fetalis | Test either parts for mothers and tie for children | LC | CH0013 |
| Ximenia americana L. | Olacaceae | Enkoy | Root | Erythroblastosis fetalis | Chop the roots, then mix with water and drink it | LC | AD0011 |
| Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond.* | Cucurbitaceae | Etse Sabieke | Whole part | Febrile illness, Erythroblastosis fetalis | Dried and pound the parts, then apply the powder affected body part | NE | CH006 |
| Zingiber officinale Roscoe | Zingiberaceae | Zinjebel | Root | Headache | Grind the dried and Fumigate at night, then cover the whole body | DD | AD0034 |
*Endemic to Ethiopia.
**Evil eye; is a cultural believing and considered as a disease, a person who is thought to have been harmed may display symptoms such as sudden illness, persistent bad luck, emotional distress.
NT near threatened, VU vulnerable, LC least concern, DD data deficient, NE not evaluated.