Table.
Prevalence of antimalarial resistance mutations by region in Tanzania
| crt Lys76Thr | dhfr Asn51Ile | dhfr Cys59Arg | dhfr Ser108Asn | dhfr Ile164Leu | dhps Ala437Gly | dhps Lys540Glu | dhps Ala581Gly | k13 Arg561His | k13 Arg622Ile | k13 Ala675Val | mdr1 Asn86Phe | mdr1 Asn86Tyr | mdr1 Tyr184Phe | mdr1 Asp1246Tyr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dar es Salaam | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 0/63 | 169/177 | 164/177 | 115/116 | 0/49 | 116/140 | 158/185 | 26/217 | 0/137 | 0/135 | 0/161 | 0/215 | 0/215 | 125/231 | 0/70 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 95·5% (92·9–98·0) | 92·7% (89·4–95·9) | 99·1% (97·7–100·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 82·9% (77·6–88·1) | 85·4% (81·1–89·7) | 12·0% (8·4–15·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 54·1% (48·7–59·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Dodoma | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 2/122 | 184/188 | 172/188 | 145/145 | 1/100 | 155/163 | 193/206 | 12/221 | 0/158 | 0/188 | 0/182 | 0/223 | 0/223 | 115/233 | 1/115 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 1·6% (0·0–3·5) | 97·9% (96·1–99·6) | 91·5% (88·1–94·8) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 1·0% (0·0–2·6) | 95·1% (92·3–97·9) | 93·7% (90·9–96·5) | 5·4% (2·9–7·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 49·4% (44·0–54·7) | 0·9% (0·0–2·3) |
| Kagera | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 39/586 | 681/690 | 630/690 | 632/632 | 80/526 | 651/692 | 654/697 | 189/729 | 50/649 | 0/709 | 1/680 | 1/711 | 3/711 | 325/731 | 18/610 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 6·7% (5·0–8·3) | 98·7% (98·0–99·4) | 91·3% (89·5–93·1) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 15·2% (12·6–17·8) | 94·1% (92·6–95·6) | 93·8% (92·3–95·3) | 25·9% (23·3–28·6) | 7·7% (6·0–9·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·1% (0·0–0·4) | 0·1% (0·0–0·4) | 0·4% (0·0–0·8) | 44·5% (41·4–47·5) | 3·0% (1·8–4·1) |
| Kigoma | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 12/86 | 94/94 | 86/94 | 88/88 | 0/88 | 92/92 | 87/87 | 32/99 | 0/73 | 0/94 | 0/100 | 0/75 | 0/75 | 31/92 | 4/99 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 14·0% (7·8–20·1) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 91·5% (86·8–96·2) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 32·3% (24·6–40·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 33·7% (25·6–41·8) | 4·0% (0·8–7·3) |
| Kilimanjaro | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 6/181 | 202/203 | 194/203 | 185/185 | 0/173 | 180/189 | 196/204 | 78/217 | 0/172 | 0/198 | 0/204 | 0/213 | 1/213 | 132/213 | 3/166 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 3·3% (1·1–5·5) | 99·5% (98·7–100·0) | 95·6% (93·2–97·9) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 95·2% (92·7–97·8) | 96·1% (93·8–98·3) | 35·9% (30·6–41·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·5% (0·0–1·2) | 62·0% (56·5–67·4) | 1·8% (0·1–3·5) |
| Manyara | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 1/128 | 216/218 | 211/218 | 162/162 | 1/91 | 169/183 | 200/218 | 55/242 | 1/179 | 0/202 | 0/202 | 0/236 | 0/236 | 138/243 | 2/117 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·8% (0·0–2·1) | 99·1% (98·0–100·0) | 96·8% (94·8–98·8) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 1·1% (0·0–2·9) | 92·3% (89·1–95·6) | 91·7% (88·7–94·8) | 22·7% (18·3–27·2) | 0·6% (0·0–1·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 56·8% (51·6–62·0) | 1·7% (0·0–3·7) |
| Mara | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 3/555 | 574/581 | 538/581 | 563/566 | 17/558 | 551/568 | 563/579 | 5/590 | 0/535 | 0/578 | 0/585 | 0/556 | 1/556 | 372/584 | 15/554 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·5% (0·0–1·1) | 98·8% (98·1–99·5) | 92·6% (90·8–94·4) | 99·5% (99·0–100·0) | 3·0% (1·8–4·2) | 97·0% (95·8–98·2) | 97·2% (96·1–98·4) | 0·8% (0·2–1·5) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·2% (0·0–0·5) | 63·7% (60·4–67·0) | 2·7% (1·6–3·8) |
| Mtwara | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 0/97 | 160/186 | 176/186 | 107/107 | 0/77 | 126/157 | 165/210 | 1/239 | 0/137 | 0/144 | 0/170 | 0/238 | 0/238 | 145/252 | 1/92 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 86·0% (81·8–90·2) | 94·6% (91·9–97·3) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 80·3% (75·0–85·5) | 78·6% (73·9–83·2) | 0·4% (0·0–1·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 57·5% (52·4–62·7) | 1·1% (0·0–2·9) |
| Njombe | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 10/286 | 329/332 | 317/332 | 291/291 | 0/246 | 280/307 | 303/337 | 17/359 | 1/279 | 1/345 | 0/331 | 2/342 | 2/342 | 182/354 | 1/277 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 3·5% (1·7–5·3) | 99·1% (98·2–100·0) | 95·5% (93·6–97·4) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 91·2% (88·5–93·9) | 89·9% (87·2–92·6) | 4·7% (2·9–6·6) | 0·4% (0·0–0·9) | 0·3% (0·0–0·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·6% (0·0–1·3) | 0·6% (0·0–1·3) | 51·4% (47·0–55·8) | 0·4% (0·0–1·0) |
| Ruvuma | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 0/56 | 65/65 | 64/65 | 60/60 | 0/46 | 51/54 | 64/69 | 2/72 | 0/38 | 0/68 | 0/68 | 0/63 | 0/63 | 42/78 | 0/41 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 98·5% (96·0–100·0) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 94·4% (89·3–99·6) | 92·8% (87·6–97·9) | 2·8% (0·0–6·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 53·8% (44·6–63·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) |
| Songwe | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 0/270 | 360/362 | 348/362 | 328/328 | 1/228 | 310/335 | 342/371 | 8/399 | 0/346 | 0/377 | 0/362 | 0/377 | 0/377 | 162/386 | 1/293 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 99·4% (98·8–100·0) | 96·1% (94·5–97·8) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 0·4% (0·0–1·2) | 92·5% (90·2–94·9) | 92·2% (89·9–94·5) | 2·0% (0·9–3·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 42·0% (37·8–46·1) | 0·3% (0·0–0·9) |
| Tabora | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 2/381 | 504/509 | 480/509 | 436/437 | 6/376 | 459/472 | 506/519 | 20/555 | 2/438 | 0/498 | 1/464 | 0/521 | 1/521 | 280/538 | 21/411 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·5% (0·0–1·1) | 99·0% (98·3–99·7) | 94·3% (92·6–96·0) | 99·8% (99·4–100·0) | 1·6% (0·5–2·7) | 97·2% (96·0–98·5) | 97·5% (96·4–98·6) | 3·6% (2·3–4·9) | 0·5% (0·0–1·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·2% (0·0–0·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·2% (0·0–0·5) | 52·0% (48·5–55·6) | 5·1% (3·3–6·9) |
| Tanga | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 0/50 | 58/58 | 55/58 | 49/49 | 0/48 | 45/49 | 54/63 | 25/65 | 0/30 | 0/45 | 0/56 | 0/60 | 0/60 | 25/69 | 2/35 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 94·8% (90·0–99·6) | 100·0% (100·0–100·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 91·8% (85·4–98·3) | 85·7% (78·5–93·0) | 38·5% (28·5–48·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | 36·2% (26·7–45·7) | 5·7% (0·0–12·2) |
| Overall | |||||||||||||||
| Number of resistant isolates∗ | 75/2861 | 3596/3663 | 3435/3663 | 3161/3166 | 106/2606 | 3185/3401 | 3485/3745 | 470/4004 | 54/3171 | 1/3581 | 2/3565 | 3/3830 | 8/3830 | 2074/4004 | 69/2880 |
| Estimated prevalence (90% CI) | 2·6% (2·1–3·1) | 98·2% (97·8–98·5) | 93·8% (93·1–94·4) | 99·8% (99·7–100·0) | 4·1% (3·4–4·7) | 93·6% (93·0–94·3) | 93·1% (92·4–93·7) | 11·7% (10·9–12·6) | 1·7% (1·3–2·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·1) | 0·1% (0·0–0·1) | 0·1% (0·0–0·2) | 0·2% (0·1–0·3) | 51·8% (50·5–53·1) | 2·4% (1·9–2·9) |
Prevalence reflects the alternate allele relative to the total number of samples successfully genotyped at each allele, because not every sample had genotyping at every allele. crt=chloroquine resistance transporter gene. dhfr=dihydrofolate reductase gene. dhps=dihydropteroate synthase gene. k13=kelch 13 gene. mdr1=multidrug resistance transporter 1 gene.
∗
Out of the total number successfully genotyped.