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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 10.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2023 Jul 27;35(1):15–33. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2023.06.011

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Differential diagnostic criteria for disorders of consciousness. Behaviors associated with DoCs can be conceptualized along two dimensions-arousal (or wakefulness) and awareness (ie, perception of self and environment). The shaded regions of the bars indicate the distinguishing characteristics of each disorder. MCS−, minimally conscious state; MCS+, minimally conscious state plus; PTCS, post traumatic confusional state; VS, vegetative state. aAll behaviors are required. bAt least one of these behaviors must be present. (Adapted from Giacino JT, Katz D, Schiff N, Bodien YG. Assessment and Rehabilitative Management of Individuals with Disorders of Consciousness. In: Zasler ND, Katz DI, Zafonte RD, editors. Brain Injury Medicine: Principles and Practice- 3rd edition. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2022. p. 447–461, with permission.)