Table 3. Clinical and metabolic biomarkers characteristics of patients with schizophrenia, Ethiopia (N = 271).
BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure; cm: Centimeter; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; dL: Deciliter; DUP: Duration of untreated psychosis; F: Female; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IQR: Interquartile range; kg: Kilogram; M: Male; m: Meter; mg: Milligram; mmHg: Millimeter mercury; PANNS: Positive and negative syndrome scale; SBP; Systolic blood pressure; SD: Standard deviation; TG: Triglyceride; WC: Waist circumference
| Variables | MetS | |||
| Without MetS (median, IQR) | With MetS (median, IQR) | Total (median, IQR) | p-value | |
| Duration of illness (years) | 5 (7.0) | 6 (11.0) | 6 (8.0) | 0.59 |
| Duration of treatment (years) | 4 (7.8) | 6 (9.0) | 5 (8.0) | 0.14 |
| CPZ equivalent dose (mg) | 200 (100.0) | 300 (200.0) | 200 (100.0) | 0.02 |
| WC (cm) | 98 (11.0) | 102 (4.0) | 99 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.2 (3.5) | 21.8 (7.0) | 21.3 (4.0) | 0.11 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 110 (20.0) | 120 (20.0) | 110 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.5 (10.0) | 80 (20.0) | 78 (10.0) | 0.01 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 83 (18.0) | 104 (17.0) | 87 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 120 (73.8) | 168 (138.0) | 126 (93.0) | 0.01 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 44 (15.0) | 35 (10.0) | 43 (16.0) | <0.001 |
| PANSS total | 62.5 (46.3) | 62 (66.0) | 62 (51.0) | 0.81 |
| DUP (years) (mean, SD) | 1.1 (2.5) | 0.97 (1.5) | 0.9 (2.2) | 0.07 |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Abnormal WC (≥94 M, ≥80 F) | 101 (52.6) | 91 (47.4) | 192 (70.8) | <0.001 |
| SBP ≥ 130 mmHg | 9 (20.0) | 36 (80.0) | 45 (16.6) | <0.001 |
| DBP ≥ 85 mmHg | 10 (24.4) | 31 (75.6) | 41 (15.3) | <0.001 |
| Medication type | ||||
| Risperidone | 112 (72.3) | 43 (27.7) | 155 (57.2) | <0.001 |
| Olanzapine | 62 (53.4) | 54 (46.6) | 116 (42.8) | |
| Medication switch | ||||
| Yes | 88 (59.5) | 60 (40.5) | 148 (54.6) | 0.07 |
| No | 86 (69.9) | 37 (30.1) | 123 (45.4) | |
| Abnormal BP ≥130/≥85 mmHg | 16 (26.7) | 44 (73.3) | 60 (22.1) | - |
| Lower HDL | 43 (37.1) | 73 (62.9) | 116 (42.8) | <0.001 |
| Higher TG (≥150 mg/dL) | 37 (38.1) | 60 (61.9) | 97 (35.8) | <0.001 |
| FBG ≥ 100 mg/dL | 26 (32.9) | 53 (61.9) | 79 (29.2) | <0.001 |