Table 3.

Covariates of the hypothalamic syndrome in children with bone problems compared to without bone problems, in the whole cohort (n = 161). Definitions of all variables are attached in Supplementary1. P-value for between-group differences calculated with Pearson chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test. If more than 20% of expected values were under five, Fisher’s exact test was performed. For continuous variables (with non-normal distribution), the Mann–Whitney U test was used.

Covariate	Children with bone problems (%, n/N) n = 36	Children without bone problems (%, n/N) n = 125	P
Hypothalamic syndromeΩ, yes	60.0% (15/25)	34.9% (37/106)	0.025*
Hyperphagia			0.248
Mild	25.0% (5/20)	19.0% (20/105)
Severe	0.0% (0/20)	12.4% (13/105)
Hypophagia			0.001*
Mild	5.0% (1/20)	1.9% (2/104)
Severe	20.0% (4/20)	1.0% (1/104)
BMI			0.198
Normal weight or overweight	90.3% (28/31)	78.6% (92/117)
Normal weight after specific intervention for hypothalamic obesity or overweight after specific intervention for hypothalamic obesity or obesity	9.7% (3/31)	21.4% (25/117)
Behavioral problems			0.604
Mild	30.0% (6/20)	28.0% (26/93)
Severe	0.0% (0/20)	7.5% (7/93)
Sleep disorder			0.148
Mild	25.9% (7/27)	28.6% (32/112)
Severe	33.3% (9/27)	17.0% (19/112)
Temperature dysregulation			0.059
Mild	37.5% (3/8)	37.8% (17/45)
Severe	25.0% (2/8)	2.2% (1/45)
Pituitary dysfunction			0.005*
Partial or complete pituitary dysfunction (with or without DI with adequate thirst feeling) or SIADH or history of central precocious puberty	45.7% (16/35)	28.9% (35/121)
(Partial or complete) pituitary dysfunction including DI and adipsia (inadequate thirst feeling)	8.6% (3/35)	0.8% (1/121)

ΩBased on the scoring of van Santen et al (1) (17).

*Values in bold indicate statistical significance.