TABLE 2. Odds ratios of mpox associated with reported intimate and nonintimate close contact with a person with mpox — 12 jurisdictions, United States,* August 2022–July 2023.
| Characteristic | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) n = 207 | p-value† | Adjusted OR (95% CI) n = 159 | p-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, yrs
|
1.1 (1.0–1.1) |
0.033 |
1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
0.157 |
|
Race and ethnicity
§
| ||||
| White, non-Hispanic |
Ref |
— |
Ref |
— |
| Black or African American, non-Hispanic |
1.7 (0.7–3.8) |
0.210 |
0.7 (0.1–3.5) |
0.640 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
2.4 (1.0–5.4) |
0.043 |
3.4 (0.7–16.5) |
0.135 |
| Other, non-Hispanic |
1.1 (0.3–3.3) |
0.904 |
0.2 (0–1.6) |
0.123 |
|
Gender identity
| ||||
| Male |
Ref |
— |
— |
— |
| Transgender female |
2.6 (0.3–22.0) |
0.375 |
— |
— |
| Transgender male |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Another gender identity |
0.3 (0.1–1.4) |
0.114 |
— |
— |
|
No. of sexual partners
¶
|
0.8 (0.7–1.0) |
0.014 |
0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
0.507 |
|
HIV status and PrEP/ARV use** | ||||
| HIV negative, not on PrEP |
Ref |
— |
Ref |
— |
| HIV negative, on PrEP |
0.2 (0.1–0.6) |
0.004 |
0.3 (0.1–2.2) |
0.247 |
| HIV positive, not on ARV |
1.0 (0.1–11.2) |
0.968 |
0.3 (0–19.0) |
0.586 |
| HIV positive, on ARV but nonadherent |
0.7 (0.2–2.6) |
0.588 |
0.4 (0–4.5) |
0.469 |
| HIV positive, on ARV and adherent |
0.5 (0.2–1.7) |
0.279 |
1.0 (0.1–8.3) |
0.985 |
|
Immunocompromising condition or medication
††
|
1.8 (0.5–6.6) |
0.393 |
— |
— |
|
STI history
§§
|
1.9 (0.9–4.0) |
0.105 |
— |
— |
|
Mpox vaccination status
¶¶
| ||||
| Not vaccinated |
Ref |
— |
Ref |
— |
| Partially vaccinated |
0.1 (0–0.2) |
<0.001 |
0 (0–0.1) |
<0.001 |
| Fully vaccinated |
0.1 (0–0.3) |
<0.001 |
0.1 (0–0.4) |
0.005 |
|
Intimate contact
| ||||
| Condomless receptive anal sex |
3.2 (1.4–7.3) |
0.006 |
5.4 (1.2–24.6) |
0.031 |
| Condomless insertive anal sex |
2.8 (1.3–6.1) |
0.009 |
1.0 (0.2–5.6) |
0.980 |
| Anal sex with a condom |
1.6 (0.4–5.8) |
0.510 |
0.5 (0–10.7) |
0.661 |
| Received oral sex without a condom |
2.7 (1.3–5.4) |
0.006 |
0.8 (0.2–3.4) |
0.803 |
| Gave oral sex without a condom |
2.0 (1.0–4.1) |
0.046 |
2.6 (0.6–11.2) |
0.215 |
| Gave or received oral sex with a condom |
0.5 (0.2–1.6) |
0.277 |
0.3 (0–3.7) |
0.376 |
| Close contact at a mass gathering where persons were partially undressed and touching |
0.3 (0.1–0.7) |
0.008 |
0.3 (0.1–1.3) |
0.113 |
|
Nonintimate contact
| ||||
| Provided in-home care |
0.9 (0.3–3.2) |
0.926 |
4.3 (0.2–79.9) |
0.329 |
| Shared food, utensils, or dishes |
0.9 (0.4–2.0) |
0.851 |
1.3 (0.3–5.5) |
0.682 |
| Shared towels, bedding, or clothing |
2.3 (1.1–5.0) |
0.034 |
1.7 (0.4–6.9) |
0.480 |
| Shared drug equipment | 0.4 (0.2–1.2) | 0.108 | 0.1 (0–1.1) | 0.058 |
Abbreviations: ARV = antiretroviral; OR = odds ratio; PrEP = preexposure prophylaxis; Ref = referent group; STI = sexually transmitted infection.
* Case- and control patients were recruited from the following 12 U.S. jurisdictions: California (excluding Los Angeles County), Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, District of Columbia, Los Angeles County, Maryland, Minnesota, New York (excluding New York City), New York City, Oregon, and Tennessee.
† P-value calculated using logistic regression with a random intercept for jurisdiction.
§ Participants reporting Hispanic ethnicity were categorized as Hispanic or Latino and might be of any race. The Other race category includes Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and American Indian or Alaska Native persons.
¶ Participants were asked to report the number of sexual partners they had had during the 3 weeks before completing the survey.
** HIV PrEP use was defined as use at time of survey and was calculated among persons who did not report living with HIV. HIV ARV use was defined as use at time of survey and was calculated among persons who reported living with HIV; nonadherence was defined as missing ≥2 doses during the previous 30 days.
†† Immunocompromising conditions were based on self-report and defined as having a medical condition that weakens the immune response, not including HIV, or taking a medicine that weakens the immune response.
§§ Participants were asked to report STI diagnoses during the 3 weeks before completing the survey.
¶¶ Participants were categorized as not vaccinated if no reported doses were received on or before the index date. Participants were categorized as partially vaccinated if they received 1 dose ≥14 days before the index date and fully vaccinated if they received 2 doses ≥24 days apart (to allow for a 4-day window), with the second dose received ≥14 days before the index date. Participants who received their first vaccine dose ≤13 days before their index date were excluded.