Table 3. The top 5 HLA alleles detected in the HLA association analysis between past VL developers (n = 78) and asymptomatic Leishmania controllers (n = 46), ranked ascendingly by lowest p-value after Benjamini-Hochberg multiple testing correction.
An OR above 1 indicates an increased risk for VL development, while an OR below 1 indicates increased protection against VL development.
| HLA allele | Past VL (n, %) | Asymptomatic Leishmania controllers (n, %) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | pBH-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HLA-A*03:01 | 34 (43.6%) | 7 (15.2%) | 3.89 (1.62–9.36) | 0.001 | 0.017 |
| HLA-DQA1*01:05 | 9 (11.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6.71 (0.83–54.21) | 0.026 | 0.206 |
| HLA-A*02:01 | 13 (16.7%) | 15 (32.6%) | 0.42 (0.18–0.98) | 0.048 | 0.286 |
| HLA-DQB1*05:01 | 21 (26.9%) | 5 (10.9%) | 2.66 (0.99–7.12) | 0.041 | 0.405 |
| HLA-C*16:04 | 7 (9.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5.22 (0.63–43.12) | 0.046 | 0.455 |
OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; pBH = Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p-values