Table 1. Positive effects of complex probiotics used in pigs.
| Animal | Composition of strains | Effect of feeding | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weaned pigs |
B.
subtilis
B. licheniformis S. cerevisiae |
Improved ADG Increased Lactobacilli |
[63] |
|
L.
acidophilus
B. subtilis S. cerevisiae A. oryzae |
Improved growth performance (ADG and
gain/feed) and nutrient digestibility (DM,
energy) Increased Lactobacilli with decreased Clostridium spp. counts |
[60,61] | |
|
L.
acidophilus
B. subtilis S. cerevisiae |
Improved ADG Increased Lactobacilli with decreased E. coli counts Increased villus height |
[62] | |
|
L.
acidophilus
B. subtilis S. cerevisiae |
Better FCR with no differences in nutrient
digestibility and fecal score Increased Lactobacilli |
[85] | |
|
E.
faecium
B. subtilis S. cerevisiae |
Improved growth performance (ADG and
gain/feed) and diarrhea score Increased production of VFAs (acetate and propionate) |
[59] | |
|
B.
licheniformis
B. subtilis S. cerevisiae |
Improved IgG Increased Lactobacilli with decreased E. coli counts |
[86] | |
|
L.
acidophilus
S. cerevisiae |
Improved growth performance (ADG and
gain/feed) and diarrhea score (DM, energy) Increased Lactobacilli with decreased E. coli counts |
[92] | |
|
B.
licheniformis
S. cerevisiae |
Improved villus height and villus height
to crypt depth ratio in small intestine Enhanced intestinal barrier integrity |
[93] | |
| Growing and finishing pigs |
L.
acidophilus
B. subtilis S. cerevisiae |
Increased total anaerobic bacteria, Lactobacilli with decreased Clostridium spp. counts | [113] |
|
L.
fermentum
S. cerevisiae B. subtilis |
Better FCR with no differences in nutrient digestibility | [85] | |
|
L.
plantarum
B. subtilis S. cerevisiae |
No difference in growth performance and digestibility | [74] | |
|
S.
cerevisiae
L. casei L. plantarum |
Increased drip and cooking
loss Decreased juiciness and tenderness |
[110] | |
|
L.
acidophilus
L. plantarum B. subtilis S. cerevisiae |
No difference in the growth performance | [67] |
B. subtilis, Bacillus subtilis; B. licheniformis, Bacillus licheniformis; S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; ADG, average daily gain; L. acidophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus; A. oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae; DM, dry matter; E. coli, Escherichia coli; FCR, feed conversion ratio; E. faecium, Enterococcus faecium; VFA, volatile fatty acid; IgG, immunoglobulin G; L. fermentum, Limosilactobacillus fermentum; L. plantarum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; L. casei, Lacticaseibacillus casei.