Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of renal transplant recipients with Talaromyces marneffei infection
| Patient number | Year | Sex/Age | Geographical region | Clinical syndrome(s) of T. marneffei infection | Diagnostic methods for detection of T. marneffei | Interval between specimen collection and diagnosis of T. marneffei infection (days) | Antifungal therapy | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGS | Culture | ||||||||
| 1 [25] | 1990 | F/27 | Hong Kong | Disseminated T. marneffei infection | Blood, urine, sputum, and marrow for culture | N/A | Not mentioned | Amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine | Improved |
| 2 [26] | 1998 | M/43 | Taiwan | Disseminated T. marneffei infection | Ascites and blood for culture | N/A | Not mentioned | Amphotericin B | Succumbed |
| 3 [27] | 1999 | M/33 | Taiwan | Disseminated T. marneffei infection complicated with intestinal mycoses, septic shock | Blood for culture | N/A | 8 | None | Succumbed |
| 4 [28] | 2003 | M/47 | Taiwan | Disseminated T. marneffei infection complicated with skin abscess, osteomyelitis | Blood and debrided specimens for culture | N/A | Not mentioned | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 5 [29] | 2004 | M/38 | Hong Kong | Disseminated T. marneffei infection complicated with pneumonia, lymphadenitis | Blood and bone marrow for culture | N/A | 15 | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 6 [30] | 2004 | M/46 | Indonesia | Disseminated T. marneffei infection | Skin lesion for culture | N/A | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Succumbed |
| 7 [31] | 2008 | Not mentioned | Hong Kong | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | N/A | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| 8 [31] | 2008 | Not mentioned | Hong Kong | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | N/A | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned |
| 9 [32] | 2010 | F/42 | Taiwan | T. marneffei osteomyelitis | Bone tissue for culture | N/A | Not mentioned | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 10 [33] | 2011 | M/67 | Western Australia | Disseminated T. marneffei infection complicated with peritonitis secondary to perforated sigmoid colon diverticulum | Blood and peritoneal fluid for culture | N/A | 3 | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 11 [34] | 2017 | M/51 | Guangdong | Disseminated T. marneffei infection | Blood for culture | N/A | 3 | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 12 [35] | 2018 | F/53 | Greater Manchester | Lung mass due to T. marneffei | Lung mass tissue for culture | N/A | Not mentioned | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 13 [36] | 2020 | F/53 | Greater Manchester | Lung mass and lymphadenitis due to T. marneffei | Lung mass and lymph node biopsy for culture | N/A | Not mentioned | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 14 [37] | 2020 | M/56 | Assam | Lung mass due to T. marneffei | Lung mass tissue for culture | N/A | 7 | Amphotericin B, itraconazole | Improved |
| 15 [38] | 2021 | M/34 | Sichuan | Disseminated T. marneffei infection complicated with pneumonia | BAL for NGS and culture, blood for culture | 3 | Not mentioned | Posaconazole | Improved |
| 16 [39] | 2021 | F/47 | Hunan | Disseminated T. marneffei infection complicated with urinary tract infection | Blood and urine for culture | N/A | 6 | Voriconazole, itraconazole | Improved |
| 17 [40] | 2022 | M/51 | Jiangxi | T. marneffei pneumonia | BAL for NGS and culture | 2 | 7 | Voriconazole | Improved |
| 18 [41] | 2022 | M/54 | Guangdong | T. marneffei laryngitis | BAL for NGS and culture, sputum for culture | 1 | 7 | Voriconazole | Improved |
| 19 [42] | 2022 | F/41 | Bihar | T. marneffei skin abscess and skull osteomyelitis | Scalp lesion aspiration for culture | N/A | 6 | Itraconazole | Improved |
| 20 [43] | 2022 | M/61 | Guangxi | T. marneffei pneumonia | BAL for NGS | Not mentioned | N/A | Voriconazole, caspofungin | Succumbed |
| 21 [43] | 2022 | M/55 | Guangxi | Disseminated T. marneffei infection | Blood for NGS | 1 | N/A | Voriconazole, caspofungin | Succumbed |
| 22 [44] | 2023 | M/31 | Hainan | Disseminated T. marneffei infection complicated with pneumonia, lymphadenitis | Blood and BAL for NGS, blood for culture | 1 | 7 | Voriconazole, amphotericin B | Improved |
| 23 [Present case] | 2023 | M/37 | Guangdong | Disseminated T. marneffei infection and pneumonia complicated with septic shock | BAL for NGS and culture | 1 | 6 | Voriconazole, micafungin, valacyclovir | Improved |
F female, M male, N/A not applicable, NGS next-generation sequencing