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. 2024 Jun 22;4(3):298–312. doi: 10.1007/s43657-023-00140-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Schematic and validation of radiotherapy (RT)-induced pyroptosis. a The expression of GSDME and GSDME-N in different cell lines treated with RT; b Time-/dose-dependent manner of RT-pyroptosis; c The confirmation of the role of GSDME and caspase-3/9 in RT-pyroptosis; d Verifying the activation of immune cells triggered by RT-pyroptosis; e The mechanism of RT-triggered pyroptosis and immunotherapy. In cells with high GSDME expression, cleaved GSDME and pyroptotic changes were detected. The authors further revealed RT-induced pyroptosis in tumor cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. They further verified the leading role of GSDME in RT-pyroptosis via the caspase 9/caspase 3 pathway by testing the products of apoptosis and pyroptosis. An increased activation of immune cells was detected, indicating the immunotherapy-triggering effect of RT-pyroptosis (Cao et al. 2023). The figure was created with BioRender.com. Printed with permission from Elsevier.

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