Table 3.
ERI Exploration | ERI Resolution | ERI Negative Affect | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Est | SE | p | Est | SE | p | Est | SE | p | |
Non-white youth (n = 533) | |||||||||
Own ER Discrim | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.03* | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.12c | 0.05 | 0.02* |
% Same-Group Friends | −0.04 | 0.04 | 0.27 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.79 | 0.06d | 0.05 | 0.18 |
Friend Cultural Socialization | 0.24a | 0.05 | 0.00*** | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.00*** | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
Friend ER Discrimination | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.67 | −0.01 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
Friend ERI Dimension | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.00*** | −0.02e | 0.04 | 0.61 |
Sch Prom Cult Competence | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.09f | 0.06 | 0.16 |
Sch Crit Cons Socialization | 0.11b | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 1.00 |
Gender | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.70 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.47 |
Generational Status | −0.09 | 0.04 | 0.03* | −0.09 | 0.04 | 0.02* | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.85 |
Grade 6 Multi-ethnic | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.09 | −0.08 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.03* |
Grade 9 Multi-ethnic | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.83 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.64 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
White youth (n = 184) | |||||||||
Own ER Discrim | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02* | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.30c | 0.09 | 0.00*** |
% Same-Group Friends | −0.05 | 0.04 | 0.27 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.79 | −0.11d | 0.07 | 0.10 |
Friend Cultural Socialization | 0.12a | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.00*** | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
Friend ER Discrimination | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.67 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.75 |
Friend ERI Dimension | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.00*** | −0.07e | 0.07 | 0.30 |
Sch Prom Cult Competence | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.13 | −0.13f | 0.08 | 0.08 |
Sch Crit Cons Socialization | 0.29b | 0.09 | 0.00*** | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1.00 |
Gender | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.70 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.47 |
Generational Status | −0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03* | −0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02* | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.85 |
Grade 6 Multi-ethnic | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.09 | −0.08 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.04* |
Grade 9 Multi-ethnic | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.83 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.64 | −0.07 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
Parameters with the same superscript letter (e.g., a, b, c) represent significantly different coefficients between non-White and White youth based on chi-square difference tests for multigroup equality constraints. Friend ERI Dimension represent represents a sum composite of friend networks’ ERI Exploration as a predictor of focal youth ERI Exploration; similarly, a sum composite of friends’ ERI Resolution is a predictor focal youth ERI Resolution. Gender (1 = girl; 0 = boy). Generational status (1 = 1st generation, child and parents born abroad; 2 = 2nd generation, child born in the U.S. and two parents born abroad; 3 = 2.5 generation, one parent foreign-born and child and the other parent are U.S.-born; 4 = 3rd generation with U.S.-born child and parents). Standardized coefficients presented. Accounting for ethnoracial composition and developmental periods is done via 3 dummies: (1) Grade 6 Multiethnic (multiethnic middle school 1 and multiethnic middle school 2 combined) (2) Grade 9 Multiethnic (multiethnic high school 4), and (3) Grade 9 Majority White is used as a reference group
Note: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05