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. 2024 Jul 17;53(11):2610–2622. doi: 10.1007/s10964-024-02053-z

Table 2.

Unstandardized and standardized path coefficients on girls’ and boys’ worry and emotionality

Patha Girls Boys
b SE(b) β b SE(b) β Δχ2b
Hypothesis 1
 PI → WOR5 −0.350*** 0.081 −0.237*** −0.050 0.050 −0.047 16.105***
 PI → EMO5 −0.211*** 0.058 −0.179*** −0.047 0.042 −0.054 6.191*
Hypothesis 2
 PC → WOR5 0.120 0.079 0.100 0.167** 0.061 0.181** 0.250
 PC → EMO5 0.016 0.057 0.017 0.063 0.044 0.085 0.490
Hypothesis 3
 PS → WOR5 0.027 0.053 0.024 −0.012 0.048 −0.013 0.318
 PS → EMO5 0.072 0.040 0.080 0.021 0.035 0.027 0.340
Stability coefficients
 WOR4 → WOR5 0.312*** 0.050 0.361*** 0.231*** 0.055 0.275***
 EMO4 → EMO5 0.305*** 0.045 0.358*** 0.265*** 0.050 0.307***
Covariates
 ST → WOR5 0.096 0.065 0.068 0.142* 0.056 0.112*
 ST → EMO5 0.144** 0.051 0.128** 0.131** 0.041 0.128**
 MAT → WOR5 −0.007 0.004 −0.090 0.001 0.004 0.015
 MAT → EMO5 −0.006* 0.003 −0.108* 0.000 0.003 0.003
 GAT → WOR5 0.004 0.004 0.048 −0.003 0.004 −0.049
 GAT → EMO5 −0.001 0.003 −0.015 −0.001 0.003 −0.028

WOR worry, EMO emotionality, PI peer integration, PC parental control, PS parental autonomy support, ST school type after transition (0 = academic track, 1 = other), MAT math achievement test, GAT German achievement test

*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001

aArrow indicates direction of causation

bdf = 1