Table 1.

Data sources, time periods, and spatial scales of environmental measures.

Spatial variable	Data source	Time period	Spatial scale	Temporal scale
Particulate matter 2.5	Atmospheric composition analysis group, WUSTLa [37]	2006-2018	0.01 degree in lon and lat	1 year
Nitrogen dioxide (air pollution)	The center for air, climate, and energy solutions [38]	2006-2015	Census block group	1 year
Percent students eligible for reduced-price lunch, 2015 (food environment)	Food environment atlas [39]	2007-2018	County	Cross-sectional
Percent addresses in the previous quarter with no-stat currently in service (vacant land)b	Aggregated USPSc administrative data on address vacancies, HUDd [40]	2006-2019	Census tract	3 months

^aWUSTL: Washington University in St Louis.

^bTotal no-stat addresses are the addresses that can be classified as “No-Stat” for many reasons, including, (1) rural route addresses that are vacant for 90 days or longer and (2) addresses for businesses or homes under construction and not yet occupied addresses.

^cUSPS: United States Postal Service.

^dHUD: US Department of Housing and Urban Development.