Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of the study population stratified by racea. The table presents the demographic characteristics of adult patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 within the OneFlorida Clinical Research Network between December 1, 2019, and April 28, 2021.
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Non-Hispanic White (n=17,651) | Non-Hispanic Black (n=11,293) | Total (N=28,944) | |
| Age, (years), mean (SD) | 52.82 (20.24) | 48.16 (18.22) | 51 (19.61) | |
| Sex (female), n (%) | 9490 (53.8) | 6791 (60.1) | 16,281 (56.3) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.96 (7.66) | 33.19 (9.22) | 31.31 (8.50) | |
| Insurance status, n (%) | ||||
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Medicare or private | 15,494 (87.8) | 8591 (76.1) | 24,085 (83.2) |
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Medicaid or no insurance | 1566 (8.9) | 2191 (19.4) | 3757 (13.0) |
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Unknown | 589 (3.3) | 511 (4.5) | 1100 (3.8) |
| Encounter type, n (%) | ||||
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Outpatient | 7476 (42.4) | 2712 (24) | 10,188 (35.2) |
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EDb | 4551 (25.8) | 4525 (40.1) | 9076 (31.4) |
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Inpatient | 4884 (27.7) | 3344 (29.6) | 8228 (28.4) |
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ICUc | 740 (4.2) | 712 (6.3) | 1452 (5.0) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
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ECId, median (IQR) | 2 (0-5) | 3 (1-6) | 2 (0-6) |
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Hypertension, n (%) | 7645 (43.3) | 6123 (54.2) | 13,768 (47.6) |
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Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 5989 (33.9) | 3924 (34.7) | 9913 (34.2) |
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Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 5273 (29.9) | 4615 (40.9) | 9888 (34.2) |
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Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 3089 (17.5) | 1902 (16.8) | 4991 (17.2) |
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Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 1970 (11.2) | 1656 (14.7) | 3626 (12.5) |
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Stroke or TIAe, n (%) | 1655 (9.4) | 1328 (11.8) | 2983 (10.3) |
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Dementia, n (%) | 1437 (8.6) | 845 (7.7) | 2282 (8.2) |
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Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 2424 (13.7) | 1878 (16.6) | 4302 (14.9) |
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CKD-Vf/ESRDg, n (%) | 272 (1.5) | 565 (5.0) | 837 (2.9) |
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Respiratory disorders, n (%) | 9862 (59.1) | 7436 (67.7) | 17,298 (62.5) |
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Smoking history, n (%) | 3115 (17.6) | 1833 (16.2) | 4948 (17.1) |
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Substance use, n (%) | 4103 (23.2) | 3133 (27.7) | 7236 (25.0) |
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Alcohol use, n (%) | 902 (5.1) | 747 (6.6) | 1649 (5.7) |
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Mental health disorders, n (%) | 5331 (32.0) | 3227 (29.4) | 8558 (30.9) |
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Common solid cancer, n (%) | 1074 (6.1) | 586 (5.2) | 1660 (5.7) |
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Hematologic malignancies, n (%) | 291 (1.7) | 147 (1.3) | 438 (1.6) |
| Geospatial variables, median (IQR) | ||||
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Florida ADIh | 5 (3-7) | 8 (6-9) | 6.0 (4-8) |
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Mean PM2.5i, μg/m3 | 7.35(6.88-7.77) | 7.45(7.05-7.96) | 7.41 (6.94-7.86) |
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Mean NO2j, ppbk | 2.73 (1.61-4.63) | 3.17(1.88-4.62) | 2.87 (1.69-4.63) |
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Food environmentl | 4.37 (1.85-4.56) | 3.68 (1.85-4.25) | 4.10 (1.85-4.25) |
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Vacant landm | 0.22 (0.11-0.48) | 0.16 (0.07-0.31) | 0.19 (0.10-0.40) |
| Unadjusted outcomes, n (%) | ||||
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Composite outcome | 1423 (8.1) | 1233 (10.9) | 2656 (9.2) |
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Death at index encounter | 251 (1.4) | 238 (2.1) | 489 (1.7) |
aAll P values were <.001 (except CAD and history of smoking (P=.148 and .002, respectively). Independent sample t test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test, or Pearson chi-square test were used wherever appropriate. Values are presented as means (SD), n (%), or median (IQR).
bED: emergency department.
cICU: intensive care unit.
dECI: Elixhauser Comorbidity Score.
eTIA: transient ischemic attack.
fCKD-V: chronic kidney disease stage 5.
gESRD: end-stage renal disease.
hADI: area deprivation index.
iPM2.5: particulate matter 2.5.
jNO2: nitrogen dioxide.
kppb: parts per billion.
lPercent students are eligible for reduced-price lunch, 2015.
mPercent addresses in the previous quarter with “no-stat” currently in service. “Total No-Stat Addresses” are addresses that can be classified as “No-Stat” for many reasons, including, (1) rural route addresses that are vacant for 90 days or longer and (2) addresses for businesses or homes under construction and not yet occupied addresses.