Table 1.
Dysregulated lncRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases
| Diseases | lncRNAs | Up- or down-regulated | Biological function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | BACE1-AS | Up | Increase the stability of BACE1 mRNA and promote Aβ1–42 synthesis | Faghihi et al., 2008 |
| 17A | Up | Regulate the alternative splicing of GABAB2 and enhance Aβ secretion | Massone et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2019 | |
| MAGI2-AS3 | Up | Promote Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation | Zhang and Wang, 2021 | |
| 51A | Up | Regulate the alternative splicing of SORL1 and increase Aβ secretion | Ciarlo et al., 2013 | |
| NDM29 | Up | Increase the γ and β secretases activity and influence Aβ secretion | Massone et al., 2012 | |
| H19 | Up | Trigger cellular apoptosis induced by Aβ25–35 | Zhang et al., 2021 | |
| BC200 | Soma: up; Dendritic: down | Regulate local protein synthesis and maintain the long-term synaptic plasticity | Mus et al., 2007 | |
| Linc00507 | Up | Regulate the expression of MAPT and TTBK1 | Yan et al., 2020 | |
| SOX21-AS1 | Up | Promote the Aβ1–42-induced hyperphosphorylated tau level | Xu et al., 2020 | |
| PD | NaPINK1 | Up | Stabilize the expression of PINK1 splicing isoform and disrupt mitochondrial function | Costa et al., 2013 |
| UCHL1-AS | Down | Decrease the level of UCHL1 and disrupt ubiquitin-proteasome system | Cartier et al., 2012; Carrieri et al., 2015 | |
| LincRNA-21 | Up | Act as a sponge for miR-1277-5p and trigger cellular apoptosis and suppress cell viability | Xu et al., 2018 | |
| UCA1 | Up | Increase the α-synuclein expression | Lu et al., 2018 | |
| MALAT1 | Up | Promote α-synuclein proteostasis and apoptosis | Dong et al., 2021 | |
| NEAT1 | Up | Promote α-synuclein proteostasis and apoptosis | ||
| HD | HAR1 | Down | The REST/NRSF targets the HAR1 locus and suppresses its transcription | Johnson et al., 2010 |
| HTT-AS_V1 | Down | Negatively regulate the HTT expression | ||
| TUG1 | Up | Essential for retinal development | Ren et al., 2022 | |
| ALS | NEAT1_2 | Up | Act as a scaffold for TDP43 and FUS/TLS and regulate the paraspeckle formation | Nishimoto et al., 2013 |
AD: Alzheimer’s disease; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Aβ: amyloid-β; BACE1: β-secretase enzyme 1; BACE1-AS: β-secretase enzymes-antisense; BC200: brain cytoplasmic 200; FUS/TLS: fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma; HAR1: human accelerated region-1; HD: Huntington’s disease; HTT: huntingtin; HTT-AS_V1: antisense transcript of huntingtin; lncRNA: long non-coding RNA; MAGI2-AS3: MAGI2 antisense RNA 3; MALAT1: metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; MAPT: microtube-associated protein tau; NaPINK1: antisense transcript of PINK1; NDM29: neuroblastoma differentiation marker 29; NEAT1: nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1; NEAT1_2: nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 and 2; PD: Parkinson’s disease; PINK1: PTEN-induced putative kinase 1; REST/NRSF: transcriptional repressor element-1 factor/neuron restrictive silencer factor; SORL1: sorting-related receptor 1; SOX21-AS1: SRY-box transcription factor 21 antisense divergent transcript 1; TDP43: TAR DNA-binding domain protein 43; TTBK1: tau-tubulin kinase-1; TUG1: taurine-upregulated gene1; UCA1: urothelial carcinoma-associated 1; UCHL1: ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase; UCHL1-AS: antisense transcript of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1.