Table 18. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Furfural (FF) to Aromatics^a.

											Aromatics distribution (selectivity) (%)
Entry	Feed	Catalyst (Si/Al ratio)	GHSV (h–1)	Carrier gas	Pfurfural (Torr)	T (°C)	TOS (min)	Conv. (%)	Aromatics Sel. (%)	Aromatics carbon yield (%)	Benzene	Toluene	Xylene	Ref
1	FF	0.5 wt% Zn/ H-ZSM-5 (40)	2412	air	5.6	500	13	100	20.7	20.7	70.5	26.5	0	(279)
2	FF	1.5 wt% Zn/ H-ZSM-5 (40)	2412	air	5.6	500	13	100	26.3	26.3	71.6	25.0	0	(279)
3	FF	H-ZSM-5 (23)	0.5b	N2d	–	500	–	100 wt	50.3 wt	50.3 wt	10.0	16.8	19.6	(281)
4	FF	0.3 H-ZSM-5 (23)c	0.5b	N2d	–	500	–	100 wt	34.4 wt	34.4 wt	10.2	14.1	16.5	(281)
5	FF	0.5 H-ZSM-5 (23)c	0.5b	N2d	–	500	–	100 wt	35.2 wt	35.2 wt	16.1	7.4	22.8	(281)
6	FF	0.7 H-ZSM-5 (23)c	0.5b	N2d	–	500	–	100 wt	45.9 wt	45. 9 wt	12.6	17.7	20.7	(281)
7	FF	0.9 H-ZSM-5 (23)c	0.5b	N2d	–	500	–	100 wt	53.9 wt	53.9 wt	23.6	20.6	16.8	(281)
8	FF	1.1 H-ZSM-5 (23)c	0.5b	N2d	–	500	–	100 wt	45.7 wt	45.7 wt	18.6	22.8	18.9	(281)
9	FF	0.5 wt% Mg–1 wt% Cu/BEA (100)	1.2f	Ar	–	700–750	60	100	∼45	∼45	100	0	0	(282)
10	FF	H-ZSM-5 (15)e	–	He	–	300, 600	–	–	–	35.1	24.2	30.2	8.7	(23)
11	HMF	H-ZSM-5e	–	He	–	300, 600	–	–	–	25.5	24.8	29.9	11.5	(23)

^aProducts were analyzed by GC and GC-MS (FID).

^bFeeding rate (mL/h).

^cPretreated with HCl (the number in front indicates the concentration).

^dN₂ (10 mL/min).

^eIn a tandem microreactor.

^fWHSV.