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. 2024 Sep 17;124(19):10701–10876. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00087

Table 2. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Sugars—Products Analyzed by GC and GC-MS.

                Aromatic selectivity (%)
  
Entry Feed Catalyst (Si/Al ratio) Feed/cat or WHSV (h–1)a Reactor Reaction time (s) T ( °C) Aromatic carbon yield (%) Benzene Toluene Xylene Ref
1 Glucose-isopropylidene derivativeb H-ZSM-5 (19.3) 1.11a Flow-microreactor 3 h 450 26.0 wt – – – (16,26)
2 Fructoseb H-ZSM-5 (19.3) 0.22a Flow-microreactor 3 h 450 20.4 wt – – – (16,26)
3 Fructoseb Zn-ZSM-5 (20.9) 0.19a Flow-microreactor 3 h 450 20.4 wt – – – (16,26)
4 Fructose-isopropylidene derivativeb Mn-ZSM-5 (19.5) 0.157a Flow-microreactor 3 h 450 20.8 wt – – – (16,26)
5 Xylitol ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Pyroprobe 240 600 47.5 5.7d 9.0d 8.5 Cc,d (17,18,27)
6 Glucose ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Pyroprobe 240 600 31.4 3.6d 5.7d 4.1 Cc,d (17,18,27)
7 Cellobiose ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Pyroprobe 240 600 28.2 3.8d 6.3d 4.2 Cc,d (17,18,27)
8 Glucose ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Pyroprobe 240 600 23.6 – – – (17,18,27)
9 Glucose ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Pyroprobe 240 600 29.4 – – – (17,18,27)
10 Glucose ZSM-5 (15) 0.11 Pyroprobe 240 600 27.2 – – – (17,18,27)
11 Glucose ZSM-5 (15) 0.25 Pyroprobe 240 600 22.9 – – – (17,18,27)
12 Glucose ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Pyroprobe 240 600 35.5 14.2 27.1 17.3c (21)
13 Glucose ZSM-11 (15) 0.05 Pyroprobe 240 600 25.3 12.8 18.5 12.9c (21)
14 Glucose ZSM-5 (11.5) 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 29h 17.5h 24.0h 16.5h (22)
15 Glucose ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 43h 13.0h 20.5h 15.0h (22)
16 Glucose ZSM-5 (25) 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 33h 11.5h 20.5h 15.5h (22)
17 Glucose ZSM-5 (40) 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 28h 10.0h 21.3h 18.5h (22)
18 Glucose MicZSM-5 (15.2)e 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 31h 15.0h 28.0h 19.0h (22)
19 Glucose MicZSM-5 (15.2)e,f 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 31h 14.0h 27.0h 19.5h (22)
20 Glucose MesZSM-5 (14.4)g 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 32h 9.5h 21.5h 19.0h (22)
21 Glucose MesZSM-5 (14.4)f,g 0.05 Semibatch Pyroprobe 240 600 30h 9.5h 20.5h 18.5h (22)
22 Glucose H-ZSM-5 (15) 0.05 Tandem microreactor –b 500–600 27.0 24.5 36.5 12.5 (23)
23 Sorbitol Ni-H-ZSM-5/SBA-15 (38) 0.75a Fixed-bed reactor –b 320 28.2 wt – 1.9d 8.2d (24)
24 Cellobiose Fe-H-ZSM-5 (11.5) 0.10 Micropyrolyzer 30 500 25.8 12.1 39.4 14.1 (25)
a

WHSV = weight hourly space velocity.

b

Co-feeding with methanol.

c

Ethylbenzene included.

d

Carbon yield.

e

Microporous ZSM-5.

f

Treated with tartaric acid.

g

Mesoporous ZSM-5.

h

No precise data available, estimated from figures.