Table 33. Relevant Properties of Pyrolysis Oil and Crude Oil,863,910,934 and a Representative Example of a Pyrolysis Oil from the Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Paper Sludge935.
| Properties and composition | Pyrolysis oil | Pyrolysis oil from fast pyrolysis of paper sludge | Pyrolysis oil from catalytic fast pyrolysis of paper sludge | Crude oil |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water (wt%) | 15–30 | 67.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| pH | 2.8–3.8 | – | – | – |
| Density (kg L–1) | 1.05–1.25 | – | – | 0.86–0.94 |
| TAN (mg KOH g–1) | – | 49.1 | 5.2 | – |
| Viscosity (50 °C) (cP)a | 40–100 | – | – | 180 |
| HHVb (MJ kg–1) | 16–19 | 17.2 | 41.1 | 44 |
| C (wt%) | 55–65 | 16.7 | 85.9 | 83.86 |
| O (wt%) | 28–40 | 73.2 | 3.2 | <1 |
| H (wt%) | 5–7 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 11–14 |
| S (wt%) | <0.05 | – | – | <4 |
| N (wt%) | <0.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | <1 |
| Ash (wt%) | <0.2 | – | – | 0.1 |
| H/C | 0.9–1.5 | – | – | 1.5–2.0 |
| O/C | 0.3–0.5 | – | – | ∼0 |
| Hydrocarbons (wt%) | – | – | 9.9 | – |
| Aromatics (wt%) | – | 5.1 | 19.7 | – |
| Naphthalenes (wt%) | – | – | 9.3 | – |
a
cP = centipoise (dynamic viscosity unit.).
b
HHV = higher heating value.