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. 2024 Sep 17;124(19):10701–10876. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00087

Table 9. Condensation of Acetone to Mesityl Oxide.

2.3.5.

Entry T ( °C) P (bar) Reactor Time Catalyst Conv (%) Sel (%) Yield (%) Ref
1 RT   batch n.a. H2SO4,conc.     25.0 (106)
2 RT   batch 12 h POCl3     17.5 (106)
3 Reflux       H3PO4   100   (106)
4 RT   batch 21 d HClanhydr.     75.0 (106)
5 RT   batch n.a. AlCl3     62.0 (106)
6 150   batch 5 h BeCl3     19–27 (106)
7 0–10   batch 16 h ZnCl2     49.1 (106)
8 RT   batch 0.8 h SiCl4 on Zn   60 25.9 (106)
9 110 6 Batch/continuous n.a. Sulfonic cation exchanger   27.1 6.6 (106)
10 55   Fixed-bed 20–40 min contact time Anion exchange resin     55.0 (106)
11 120   Fixed-bed   Pd-Zn over Zr phosphate     33.4 (106)
12 550   Fixed-bed LHSV 0.1–5.0 h–1 ZnO     15.0 (106)
13 450   Adiabatic LHSV 0.7 h–1 82% ZnO–18% ZrO2   77.2 17.9 (106)
14 370   Fixed-bed LHSV 0.5 h–1 MgO–CaCO3–SiO2 (27.5:70.5:2.0)   71.7 7.1 (106)
15 100 2.7 Fixed-bed   γ-Alumina   78.2 13.0 (106)
16 255   Fixed-bed   Al2O3–MoO3   18.4 9.5 (106)
17 300   Fixed-bed LHSV 0.3 h–1 ZnO–Cr2O3 with Fe2O3   87.7 14.2 (106)
18 280   Fixed-bed   ZnO–Cr2O3–CaO–Fe2O3   80.9 9.8 (106)
19 120   Batch 1 h ZrO2     28.1 (106)
20 200   Batch 2 h ZrO2–Cr2O3     15.5 (106)
21 120 20 Fixed-bed   Zr phosphate + ZnCl2   98 19.9 (106)
22 500   Fixed-bed 1000 h–1 Pd on MgO     38.5 (106)
23 350–450   Fixed-bed   MgO (94%)–V2O5 (6%)     11.4 (106)
24 100 3 Batch 0.5 h KOH     11.8 (106)
25 115 5 Batch 4 h Group IV metal phosphates     99.0 (106)
26 115 5 Fixed-bed LHSV 4.0 h–1 Titanium phosphate   98.3 10.0 (106)
27 120 4.3 Batch 1 h Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn phosphate   95.3 28.1 (106)
28 250 100 Batch 12 h NH4Cl, NH4Br   38.8 8.3 (106)
29 300 1 Flow Reactor 1.2 h–1 Al2O3 59 20 12 (113)
30         Mg0.7AlO 72 17 12 (113)
31         Mg1.0AlO 78 7 5 (113)
32         Mg3.5Al0 68 10 5 (113)
33         Mg6.5AlO 58 12 7 (113)
34         MgO 39 71 28 (113)
35 300 1 Flow Reactor 1.19 h–1 MgO 16.9 67   (114)
36         Ca/MgO 17.9 66   (114)
37         Sr/MgO 16.2 68   (114)
38         Ba/MgO 17.4 67   (114)
39         Li/MgO 14.2 49   (114)
40         Na/MgO 14.8 70   (114)
41         K/MgO 13.5 71   (114)
42         Cs/MgO 12.6 71   (114)
43 210   Flow Reactor   Mo2N 25 49   (111)
44         USY zeolite 25 60    
45 150   Batch   Sulfated zirconia 34 (1 h) 100   (115)
68 (3 h) 82
83 (9 h) 49