Table 4.

Summary of parameter estimates (b) and standard errors resulting from multilevel model analyses

Outcome		RN Vacancy		RN Staffing Instability		RN Continuous Churn		Team Stability		Relative Team Size		Average team size		FTE
		No FTE	FTE	No FTE	FTE	No FTE	FTE	No FTE	FTE	No FTE	FTE	No FTE	FTE	FTE
Average Third Next Available Appointment	b	-2.41	-2.53	-0.68	-0.71	3.94	3.70	-1.35	-1.27	-0.26	-0.11	-2.22	-2.04	-0.36
	SE	2.38	2.38	0.71	0.71	1.24	1.24	0.42	0.42	0.15	0.17	0.54	0.55	0.16
Established PC Patient Wait Time in Days	b	-1.82	-1.98	-0.17	-0.21	-0.12	-0.50	-0.50	-0.41	-0.08	-0.09	-0.50	-0.21	-0.55
	SE	1.40	1.39	0.18	0.18	0.27	0.27	0.10	0.10	0.07	0.07	0.14	0.14	0.06
UC Utilization	b	-0.01	-0.01	0.01	0.01	-0.02	-0.02	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.0005	0.01	0.01	0.0008
	SE	0.02	0.02	0.007	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.004	0.004	0.0003	0.0003	0.005	0.005	0.0004
ER Utilization	b	1.18	0.67	-0.38	-0.52	-4.23	-4.63	-4.25	-4.10	0.05	0.45	-1.33	-1.00	-0.88
	SE	3.68	3.66	1.67	1.66	3.57	3.55	1.02	1.01	0.08	0.10	1.25	1.24	0.11
Total Inbound to Total Outbound PC Secure Messages	b	2.05	2.03	0.32	0.31	0.09	0.07	-0.05	-0.04	-0.31	-0.29	-0.09	-0.08	-0.05
	SE	0.24	0.24	0.06	0.06	0.13	0.13	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.02

Note Numbers in bold type indicate statistically significant differences in the clinically desired direction (e.g., lower ER utilization is better). Numbers in bold italics indicate statistically significant differences in the clinically undesirable direction (e.g., higher ER/UC utilization is worse). FTE = fulltime equivalent; PC = primary care; UC = urgent care; ER – emergency room