Table 2.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

1) Symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter 2) Sedentary lifestyle (not currently meeting basic physical activity targets of ≥ 150 min/week) 3) Classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) 4) At least one (1) of: obstructive sleep apnea; diabetes; hypertension; heart failure; dyslipidemia; CAD; peripheral artery disease; cerebrovascular disease 5) Ability to speak and write in English to complete surveys and participate in the BWLT 6) Willing and able to actively participate in a virtual BWLT program (must own and be able to use a device with webcam and microphone/headset)

1) Longstanding-persistent (defined as ≥ 3 years continuous AF) or permanent AF 2) Uncontrolled coronary artery disease 3) Completed a CR program within the previous year 4) Currently enrolled in a structured behavioral weight loss program [defined as one-on-one or group support/counseling to aid with weight loss, e.g., Weight Watchers, medical weight loss center, private behavioral counseling 5) Scheduled to receive catheter ablation for AF during the study period (next 1 year) 6) *Currently taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist 7) **Scheduled for bariatric surgery during the study period

AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CR, cardiac rehabilitation; BWLT, behavioral weight loss treatment

^*Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) taken in conjunction with a calorie-reduced BWLT can bolster weight loss in patients with obesity [58]. Given the short follow-up period, patients will be asked to refrain from starting a new GLP-1 RA while in the study

^**Bariatric surgery may produce rapid weight loss in the first 12–18 months post-surgically