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. 2021 May 28;33(27):2008517. doi: 10.1002/adma.202008517

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Compilation of the properties, advantages, and drawbacks of each preservation strategy. Preservation techniques can be subdivided depending on their working temperature (normothermic: ≈37 °C; hypothermic: 10 °C to subzero; vitrification: −150 to −160 °C; cryopreservation: −196 °C). At higher temperatures, samples are metabolically active and may experience ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, limiting preservation duration. Thermal‐hysteresis (TH) active antifreeze proteins (AFPs) can reduce the freezing point of the preservation solution and allow subzero storage. At lower temperatures, metabolism is halted, allowing for indefinite storage periods, but samples can experience ice‐induced damage. Cryoprotectants (CPAs) are used to prevent ice‐crystal formation and extreme dehydration. Ice‐recrystallization inhibition (IRI) active AFPs prevent ice crystal growth and mechanical damage. Created with BioRender.com.