Figure 1.

a) Schematic diagrams of a natural visual nervous system in which optical information is perceived by photoreceptors in the retina and then transmitted to neurons in the visual cortex. b) Schematic of repeated stimuli (top) and habituation (bottom) behaviors of a biological sensory nervous system. c) Device structure of a DAVAN device under optical stimuli with multiple inputs, V _LWC, V _D1, and V _D2 to mimic a biological perception process. It includes one photodetector and two neurotransistors. d) 40 optical irradiations (top) of 30.4 mW cm⁻² are conducted on a DAVAN device and a 659 nm laser diode is used as the optical source. Habituation‐like behavior (bottom) of CNTR under optical stimuli is monitored at V _D2 = 3 V by applying an adapted action potential transmitted from an artificial photoreceptor with V _LWC (0.7 V) and V _D1 (3 V). All frequencies and pulse widths (PWs) of the optical irradiation and V _LWC sequences are fixed at 1 Hz and 0.5 s, respectively.