Table 2.
Variable | Model 1: Demographics | Model 2: Clinical | Model 3: Full Model | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR | 95% LL | 95% UL | p | aOR | 95% LL | 95% UL | p | aOR | 95% LL | 95% UL | p | |
Age | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.14 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 0.63 | ||||
Sex | ||||||||||||
Female | REF | REF | ||||||||||
Male | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.53 | < 0.001 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.57 | < 0.001 | ||||
Race | ||||||||||||
Black or African American | 0.38 | 0.17 | 0.82 | 0.036 | 0.48 | 0.21 | 1.10 | 0.16 | ||||
Other or Unknown Race | 0.94 | 0.36 | 2.47 | 0.41 | 0.90 | 0.32 | 2.54 | 0.64 | ||||
White | REF | REF | ||||||||||
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
Hispanic or Latino | 0.41 | 0.08 | 2.09 | 0.37 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 2.91 | 0.47 | ||||
Not Hispanic or Latino | REF | REF | ||||||||||
Unknown | 0.75 | 0.34 | 1.65 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.37 | 1.91 | 0.73 | ||||
Insurance | ||||||||||||
Commercial | 1.62 | 0.82 | 3.20 | 0.16 | 1.55 | 0.76 | 3.17 | 0.23 | ||||
Medicaid | 0.87 | 0.44 | 1.69 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.43 | 1.79 | 0.72 | ||||
Smoking status | ||||||||||||
Smoker | REF | REF | ||||||||||
Nonsmoker | 0.90 | 0.47 | 1.71 | 0.10 | 0.78 | 0.39 | 1.56 | 0.10 | ||||
Former Smoker | 2.31 | 1.35 | 3.95 | 0.001 | 1.82 | 1.02 | 3.27 | 0.014 | ||||
Cocaine use disorder | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.037 | 0.30 | 0.08 | 1.18 | 0.08 | ||||
Chronic Pain | 1.43 | 0.88 | 2.34 | 0.15 | 1.26 | 0.71 | 2.22 | 0.44 | ||||
Hypertension | 1.56 | 0.88 | 2.77 | 0.13 | 1.89 | 0.96 | 3.74 | 0.067 | ||||
Any behavioral health | 1.49 | 0.83 | 2.68 | 0.18 | 1.50 | 0.80 | 2.80 | 0.20 | ||||
Unexpected Positive (Amphetamines) | 0.46 | 0.17 | 1.24 | 0.13 | 0.58 | 0.21 | 1.62 | 0.30 | ||||
Unexpected Positive (Opioids) | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.77 | 0.006 | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.83 | 0.014 |
Note. aOR = Adjusted Odds Ratio. LL = 95th percentile lower limit. UL = 95th percentile upper limit. REF = Reference group. p = p-value