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. 2023 Mar 15;12(17):2202271. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202202271

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© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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TAK1‐KO cells‐derived neocartilage strongly integrates into mature cartilage and presents high stiffness in inflamed environment. A) Compressive modulus of the formed neocartilage after 6 weeks in culture with or without indicated inflammatory stimuli, normalized by samples’ diameter (two‐way ANOVA, n = 6 from 2 donors). B) Close‐up on the interface between native bovine cartilage (left) and newly formed cartilage (right) from WT or KO cells. Scale bar, 50 µm. C) Representation of the pushout test for integration assessment and D) pushout test representing the bond strength of the samples to bovine cartilage (two‐way ANOVA, n = 9 from 3 donors). Bovine cartilage ring dimensions: outer diameter, 8 mm, inner diameter 4 mm; hydrogel diameter: 4 mm, 1 mm thick. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.