Figure 3.

The characterization of the stiffness and swelling ratio of the 3D printed scaffolds after ionic crosslinking. a) The BioX Cellink printer used for the studies (reproduced with Cellink permission). b) The pattern design of one layer (40% infill rectangle) used to optimize the printing parameters of the biomaterial inks. c) Representative images of one layer printed at different speeds (i.e., 2, 5, and 10 mm s⁻¹) using the design in (b) for both inks. d) Top: Schematic drawing of the 3D scaffolds containing 4 layers fabricated with either the AHAT or HAT ink and the printing pattern design of the scaffolds organized in the raster angles of 90/0/90/0 degrees for each layer. e) The load versus displacement curve of the 3D scaffolds under unconfined compression test. The standard deviation is depicted using a shadowed color (both groups, n = 3). f) The Young's modulus of the 3D scaffolds obtained from the strain versus stress curve (n = 3). g) Representative images of the ionically crosslinked 3D printed scaffolds using the designs in (d), for each ink: either AHAT (blue) or HAT (orange) at different time‐points: post‐fabrication, 2 and 24 h after immersion in 0.9% NaCl. h) The swelling ratio of each ionically crosslinked 3D printed type of scaffold after 2 and 24 h of immersion (n = 3).