Figure 5.

Antitumor effects of mixture epitope‐containing peptides. a) C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) were implanted with 3 x 10⁵ MB49 bladder cancer cells s.c. in the right flank, after 1 week, mice were immunized with PBS or mixed peptides on day 3, day 6, day 9 and boosted on day 15. Tumor volume was detected every 2 d. Experiments were repeated three times. b) Peptide vaccination increased memory CD8⁺T cells and memory CD4⁺T cells, as well as DCs, but decreased MDSCs (n = 3). c) ESC‐based vaccines showed more effective tumor growth inhibition effects than peptide vaccines. C57BL/6 mice (n = 5) were implanted with 3 x 10⁵ MB49 bladder cancer cells s.c. in the right flank, after 1 week, mice were immunized with PBS or mixed peptides on day 3, day 6, day 9 and boosted on day 15. tumor volume was detected every 2 d. Quantification of the tumor volume over time, with values being expressed as means ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, Tukey's multiple comparison test).