Figure 3.

Physicochemical properties of selected outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and comparator liposomes in phosphate‐buffered saline (pH 7.4). There are species‐ and strain‐dependent dramatic differences between the amount of shed OMV A). The dashed line at 10¹² particles mL⁻¹ indicates the minimum yield required for subsequent coating. All vesicles show a slightly negative species‐ and strain‐specific zeta‐potential B), while the polydispersity is throughout all investigated vesicles high C). Hydrodynamic diameters were determined by D) nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and E) dynamic light scattering (DLS). Horizontal lines represent mean + SD. Data obtained from three independent experiments with three technical replicates each. A one‐way ANOVA was performed with Tukey's multiple comparisons post‐hoc analysis (Section S2, Supporting Information).