Figure 7.

hMSC mRNA expression of a) Runx2 and b) E11 at 14 and 21 days after exposure to nanoparticles composites (red) and ions (blue). All conditions were cultured in basic cell culture media. The results were normalized to GAPDH as housekeeping gene and calibrated to mRNA level of the respective markers in hMSCs cultured with basic media as the control. hMSCs cultured with osteogenic medium (OM) were used as positive control (gray). Significant differences between day 14 and day 21 samples are shown by * representing p‐values as follows; *p < 0.033; **p < 0.02; ***p < 0.001.